Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000, Lille, France.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2020 Nov 12;17(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12989-020-00387-7.
Together with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging.
The present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis.
We conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response.
Numerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut's epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects.
Despite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.
由于塑料的生物降解性差和回收利用率低，其大规模生产和使用导致了纳米塑料和微塑料对环境的广泛污染。这些颗粒在生态系统中积累——甚至在最偏远的栖息地——并通过食物链传递，导致人类不可避免地摄入，这是由于食品加工和包装过程中的最高摄入量。
本综述旨在全面概述纳米塑料和微塑料对肠道内稳态的影响。
我们进行了文献检索，重点关注纳米塑料和微塑料对肠道上皮和微生物群以及免疫反应的体内影响。
许多动物研究表明，暴露于纳米塑料和微塑料会导致氧化和炎症性肠道平衡受损，以及肠道上皮通透性破坏。纳米塑料和微塑料暴露的其他显著影响包括肠道菌群失调（肠道微生物群的变化）和免疫细胞毒性。此外，微塑料含有添加剂，吸附污染物，并可能促进其表面上细菌病原体的生长：它们是肠道毒物和病原体的潜在载体，可能导致进一步的不利影响。
尽管直接与人类相关的报告很少，但本综述汇集了越来越多的证据，表明纳米塑料和微塑料暴露会干扰肠道微生物群和关键的肠道功能。这些影响可能会促进慢性免疫紊乱的发展。需要进一步研究这种对人类健康的威胁。
