Park Du-Jin, Park Se-Yeon
J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2019;32(3):403-410. doi: 10.3233/BMR-171107.
A high prevalence and incidence of neck and shoulder pain are common problems that require more attention from health service providers and researchers. Recent findings have indicated that the neck stretching is the one of the most effective physical therapy interventions. Although the recovery of the pain through the stretching exercise has been described in a previous study, functional advantages and changes of the neuromuscular control has not been suggested. Additionally, there was a lack of studies that considered methods of stretching.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the long-term effects of stretching methods for cervical neuromuscular dysfunction, disability and pain in a sample of sedentary workers with neck pain.
Twenty-four sedentary workers with neck pain participated in this study and were assigned to the following two groups: static stretching (SS), and diagonal active stretching (DS). Active cervical range of motion (ROM), pressure pain threshold (PPT), self reported questionnaire (Neck Disability Index, NDI), and the flexion - relaxation ratio (FRR) from the cervical erector spinae muscles were measured at pre-treatment, post-treatment (after 4 weeks) and follow-up (after 6 and 8 weeks).
In both groups, the values obtained for the cervical ROM as flexion, extension, lateral flexion, were significantly increased in comparison to pre-treatment (p< 0.05). Significant increases of the left and right neck rotation, left and right FRR were only observed in the DS group (p<0.05). The NDI score of the SS group was significantly lower than that of the DS group (p< 0.05).
Our findings suggest that both static and diagonal stretching exercises were effective for reducing disability of the neck and increasing cervical range of motion. Compared to the SS, in addition, present results suggest that changes of the activation patterns as FRR, and cervical rotational movement could be accomplished with the DS.
颈肩痛的高患病率和发病率是常见问题，需要医疗服务提供者和研究人员更多关注。最近的研究结果表明，颈部伸展是最有效的物理治疗干预措施之一。尽管先前的一项研究描述了通过伸展运动缓解疼痛的情况，但尚未提及神经肌肉控制的功能优势和变化。此外，缺乏考虑伸展方法的研究。
本研究的目的是在一组患有颈部疼痛的久坐办公人员样本中，研究伸展方法对颈椎神经肌肉功能障碍、残疾和疼痛的长期影响。
24名患有颈部疼痛的久坐办公人员参与了本研究，并被分为以下两组：静态伸展（SS）组和对角主动伸展（DS）组。在治疗前、治疗后（4周后）以及随访（6周和8周后）测量颈椎活动度（ROM）、压痛阈值（PPT）、自我报告问卷（颈部残疾指数，NDI）以及颈竖脊肌的屈伸放松比（FRR）。
与治疗前相比，两组的颈椎前屈、后伸、侧屈ROM值均显著增加（p<0.05）。仅在DS组中观察到左右颈部旋转、左右FRR显著增加（p<0.05）。SS组的NDI评分显著低于DS组（p<0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明，静态伸展和对角伸展运动对于减轻颈部残疾和增加颈椎活动度均有效。此外，与静态伸展相比，目前的结果表明，对角伸展可以实现屈伸放松比等激活模式的改变以及颈椎旋转运动。
