Saha Pritam, Johny Ebin, Dangi Ashish, Shinde Sopan, Brake Samuel, Eapen Mathew Suji, Sohal Sukhwinder Singh, Naidu Vgm, Sharma Pawan
Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati 781125, Assam, India.
Toxics. 2018 Nov 16;6(4):68. doi: 10.3390/toxics6040068.
Air pollution has become an emerging invisible killer in recent years and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. More than 90% of the world's children breathe toxic air every day. India is among the top ten most highly polluted countries with an average PM level of 134 μg/m³ per year. It is reported that 99% of India's population encounters air pollution levels that exceed the World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline, advising a PM permissible level of 10 μg/m³. Maternal exposure to air pollution has serious health outcomes in offspring because it can affect embryonic phases of development during the gestation period. A fetus is more prone to effects from air pollution during embryonic developmental phases due to resulting oxidative stress as antioxidant mechanisms are lacking at that stage. Any injury during this vulnerable period (embryonic phase) will have a long-term impact on offspring health, both early and later in life. Epidemiological studies have revealed that maternal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of development of airway disease in the offspring due to impaired lung development in utero. In this review, we discuss cellular mechanisms involved in maternal exposure to air pollution and how it can impact airway disease development in offspring. A better understanding of these mechanisms in the context of maternal exposure to air pollution can offer a new avenue to prevent the development of airway disease in offspring.
近年来，空气污染已成为一个新出现的无形杀手，是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。全球90%以上的儿童每天呼吸着有毒空气。印度是污染最严重的十个国家之一，年均细颗粒物（PM）水平为134微克/立方米。据报道，印度99%的人口所接触的空气污染水平超过了世界卫生组织空气质量准则，该准则建议的PM允许水平为10微克/立方米。母亲暴露于空气污染中会给后代带来严重的健康后果，因为它会影响妊娠期的胚胎发育阶段。由于在胚胎发育阶段缺乏抗氧化机制，胎儿更容易受到空气污染的影响，从而产生氧化应激。在这个脆弱时期（胚胎期）的任何损伤都会对后代的健康产生长期影响，无论是在生命早期还是后期。流行病学研究表明，母亲暴露于空气污染中会增加后代患气道疾病的风险，因为子宫内的肺发育受损。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了母亲暴露于空气污染中所涉及的细胞机制，以及它如何影响后代气道疾病的发展。在母亲暴露于空气污染的背景下更好地理解这些机制，可以为预防后代气道疾病的发展提供一条新途径。
