Pauletto P, Scannapieco G, Vescovo G, Angelini A, Dalla Libera L, Dal Palú C
Clinica Medica I, Padova, Italy.
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1988 Jun;10(6):357-62.
The interest evoked by the Broad Breasted White Turkey (BBWT) as an animal model for studying the cardiovascular damages produced by hypertension and catecholamines is mainly due to the fact that hypertension is spontaneous and tissue and circulating catecholamines, especially norepinephrine, are extremely high. In this paper we focused our attention on three characteristic pathophysiological features displayed by these animals which are strictly related, as well as in humans, to the elevated blood pressure values and to catecholamine action. We also described the possibility of modifying the development of some of these lesions with pharmacological interventions liable to antagonize the peripheral effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine. The dissecting aneurysm of the aorta accounts for 5-10% of sudden deaths in this animal strain. It can be prevented by lowering blood pressure, especially with beta-blockers, and facilitated by MAO-inhibitors. The degree of cardiac hypertrophy is remarkably high and unexpectedly characterized by the synthesis of a "fast" V1-like isomyosin with high Ca++ activated ATPase activity, oxygen consumption and speed of muscle shortening. Neither the reduction of the degree of cardiac hypertrophy, nor treatment with labetalol alone were able to modify this peculiar pattern. In spite of having very high levels of high-density-lipoproteins, which are known to be protective against atherosclerosis, this animal develops a severe atheromatous disease especially in the abdominal aorta, where the cellular growth has also been proven to be in vitro more pronounced than in the thoracic tract. Treatment with beta-blockers reduced the severity and extent of the lesion even in absence of a significant reduction in blood pressure.
宽胸白火鸡（BBWT）作为研究高血压和儿茶酚胺引起的心血管损伤的动物模型所引发的兴趣，主要是因为其高血压是自发性的，且组织和循环中的儿茶酚胺，尤其是去甲肾上腺素水平极高。在本文中，我们关注了这些动物所呈现的三个特征性病理生理特征，这些特征与人类一样，与血压升高值和儿茶酚胺作用密切相关。我们还描述了通过药理学干预来改变其中一些病变发展的可能性，这些干预可能会拮抗去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素的外周作用。主动脉夹层动脉瘤在该动物品系的猝死中占5 - 10%。可以通过降低血压来预防，尤其是使用β受体阻滞剂，而单胺氧化酶抑制剂会促使其发生。心脏肥大程度非常高，且意外地表现为合成一种具有高Ca++激活ATP酶活性、高耗氧量和肌肉缩短速度的“快速”V1样同工型肌球蛋白。无论是减轻心脏肥大程度，还是单独使用拉贝洛尔治疗，都无法改变这种特殊模式。尽管这种动物的高密度脂蛋白水平很高，而高密度脂蛋白已知对动脉粥样硬化有保护作用，但它仍会发展出严重的动脉粥样硬化疾病，尤其是在腹主动脉，在体外实验中也已证明腹主动脉处的细胞生长比胸段更明显。即使在血压没有显著降低的情况下，使用β受体阻滞剂治疗也能减轻病变的严重程度和范围。
