Blessing William W
Department of Human Physiology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2018;156:367-375. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63912-7.00022-9.
Daily life involves interactions with the external environment. In rats these apparently spontaneous interactions, often associated with the search for food, alternate with periods of rest in both the dark and light periods of the 24-hour day. Kleitman, in whose laboratory rapid eye movement sleep was discovered, referred to the temporal pattern as "the basic rest-activity cycle." The active periods of the basic rest-activity cycle occur approximately every 1-2 hours in an irregular stochastic pattern that has been described (perhaps unhelpfully) as ultradian rhythmicity. Both the spontaneous interactions and those evoked by salient, potentially threatening environmental events are accompanied by increases in brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature of approximately 1°C. The heat produced in BAT contributes to associated increases in the temperature of the brain (approximately 0.8°C) and the body (approximately 0.6°C). These temperature changes require extension of the conventional "homeostasis" framework of temperature regulation. They may function to facilitate the cognitive processing that underlies the vital decision making necessary for safe and effective interaction with the external environment.
日常生活涉及与外部环境的互动。在大鼠中，这些明显自发的互动通常与寻找食物有关，在24小时一天的黑暗和光明时段都会与休息时段交替出现。在其实验室中发现快速眼动睡眠的克莱特曼将这种时间模式称为“基本休息-活动周期”。基本休息-活动周期的活跃期大约每1-2小时以不规则的随机模式出现一次，这种模式被描述为（可能不太有用）超日节律。自发互动以及由显著的、潜在威胁性环境事件引发的互动都会伴随着棕色脂肪组织（BAT）温度升高约1°C。BAT产生的热量有助于大脑温度（约0.8°C）和身体温度（约0.6°C）相应升高。这些温度变化需要扩展传统的温度调节“稳态”框架。它们可能起到促进认知加工的作用，而这种认知加工是与外部环境进行安全有效互动所必需的重要决策的基础。
