Brown Denver D, Reidy Kimberly J
Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb;66(1):15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.08.003.
The causes of macroscopic and microscopic hematuria overlap; both are often caused by urinary tract infections or urethral/bladder irritation. Coexistent hypertension and proteinuria should prompt investigation for glomerular disease. The most common glomerulonephritis in children is postinfectious glomerulonephritis. In most patients, and especially with isolated microscopic hematuria, the diagnostic workup reveals no clear underlying cause. In those cases whereby a diagnosis is made, the most common causes of persistent microscopic hematuria are thin basement membrane nephropathy, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, or idiopathic hypercalciuria. Treatment and long-term prognosis varies with the underlying disease.
肉眼血尿和镜下血尿的病因有重叠；两者通常由尿路感染或尿道/膀胱刺激引起。并存的高血压和蛋白尿应促使对肾小球疾病进行调查。儿童最常见的肾小球肾炎是感染后肾小球肾炎。在大多数患者中，尤其是孤立性镜下血尿患者，诊断性检查未发现明确的潜在病因。在已确诊的病例中，持续性镜下血尿最常见的病因是薄基底膜肾病、免疫球蛋白A肾病或特发性高钙尿症。治疗方法和长期预后因潜在疾病而异。
