Hematuria: a clinical approach.

Microscopic hematuria is no less significant than gross hematuria, since either may signify such pathology as a neoplastic lesion, urinary tract infection, renal calculus, prostatic disease or glomerulonephritis. Anatomic imaging of the urinary tract with intravenous urography and cystoscopy is often indicated in the evaluation of the patient with hematuria. When hematuria is associated with red blood cell casts and/or heavy proteinuria, think of renal parenchymal lesions, particularly of glomerular origin.