Impacts of different biochar types on hydrogen production promotion during fermentative co-digestion of food wastes and dewatered sewage sludge.

Pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion are two important strategies for waste management that may be combined for clean energy production. This article investigates the effects of 12 types of biochars derived from four feedstocks at three pyrolysis temperatures on H production via fermentative co-digestion of food wastes and dewatered sewage sludge. The results show that feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature significantly influence biochar properties such as pH, specific surface area and ash contents. Despite the wide range of BET specific surface areas (1.2-511.3 m/g) and ash contents (5.3-73.7(wt%)) of biochars produced, most biochars promoted the VFAs production process and altered the fermentative type from that of acetate type to butyrate type, which seemed to have a higher efficiency for H production. Moreover, fitting of the results to the modified Gompertz model shows that biochar addition shortens the lag time by circa 18-62% and increases the maximum H production rate by circa 18-110%. Furthermore, the biochar derived at higher pyrolysis temperatures enhances H production dramatically over those derived at low temperatures. Principal components analysis demonstrated that the pH buffering capacity of biochar was critical to the promotion of fermentative H production by mitigating the pH decrease caused by VFAs accumulation. Consequently, a sustainable integrated waste management strategy combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion is proposed for the efficient treatment of various bio-wastes.