Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York;
Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes and Research and Delivery Science, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
Pediatrics. 2018 Dec;142(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-0820.
The impact of secondhand marijuana smoke exposure on children is unknown. New methods allow for the detection of marijuana smoke exposure in children.
We studied children who were hospitalized in Colorado and had a parent participating in a smoking cessation study; all children had urine samples remaining from the original study as well as consent for future research. Parents completed a survey and urine samples were analyzed for cotinine and marijuana metabolites, including 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (COOH-THC), by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
The median age of the children was 6.0 years (range 0-17 years); 57% were boys. Half (55%) were white, 12% were African American, and 33% were of another race; 39% identified as Hispanic. Approximately 46% had detectable COOH-THC, and 11% had detectable THC. Of those with detectable THC, 3 were teenagers, and 6 were <8 years of age. There were no significant differences in urinary COOH-THC concentrations by age, sex, race and/or ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. Children with positive results for COOH-THC were more likely to have parents who use marijuana daily, smoke marijuana versus other forms of use, use daily in the home, and smoke marijuana in another room if the children are around compared with smoking outside.
Approximately half of the children who qualified for our study had biological evidence of exposure to marijuana. Researchers in studies such as this provide valuable data on secondhand exposure to children from parents using tobacco and marijuana and can inform public health policies to reduce harm.
二手大麻烟雾暴露对儿童的影响尚不清楚。新方法允许检测儿童接触大麻烟雾的情况。
我们研究了在科罗拉多州住院的儿童，这些儿童的父母参与了一项戒烟研究；所有儿童的尿液样本均来自原始研究，且父母同意进行未来的研究。父母完成了一项调查，尿液样本通过液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了可替宁和大麻代谢物，包括 11-羟基-Δ9-四氢大麻酚（COOH-THC）。
儿童的中位年龄为 6.0 岁（范围 0-17 岁）；57%为男孩。一半（55%）为白人，12%为非裔美国人，33%为其他种族；39%为西班牙裔。约 46%的儿童可检测到 COOH-THC，11%可检测到 THC。在可检测到 THC 的儿童中，有 3 名是青少年，6 名是<8 岁。尿液中 COOH-THC 浓度与年龄、性别、种族和/或民族以及社会经济地位无关。COOH-THC 检测结果阳性的儿童，其父母更有可能每天使用大麻、吸食大麻而非其他形式的大麻、在家中每天使用大麻以及在有儿童在场的情况下在其他房间吸食大麻，而不是在室外吸食大麻。
大约一半符合我们研究条件的儿童有接触大麻的生物学证据。在类似的研究中，研究人员提供了关于父母使用烟草和大麻对儿童二手暴露的宝贵数据，并可以为减少伤害的公共卫生政策提供信息。
