Van den Borre Laura, Deboosere Patrick
Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Arch Public Health. 2018 Nov 8;76:68. doi: 10.1186/s13690-018-0313-1. eCollection 2018.
Belgium lacks a systematic overview of health differences by occupation. This is the first study to examine self-reported health among 27 occupational groups in Belgium with a lag time of 10 years.
Individual data are derived from an anonymous linkage between the 1991 and 2001 Belgian census. The total working population (25-55 years) is selected from the 1991 Belgian census. Self-reported health (1 = fair or (very) bad health; 0 = (very) good health) was obtained from the 2001 census. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the health of 1.5 million men and 1.0 million women by occupational group in 1991. The active sex-specific population in 1991 and 2001 was the reference group. Controls include age, activity status and housing status at the time of 2001 census.
Both male and female workers in physically demanding occupations were more likely to report poor health. The three occupations with the highest age-adjusted Odds Ratios (OR) were extraction and building trade workers (OR 2.08 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.05-2.10; OR 2.15 CI 1.93-2.40); services elementary workers (OR 2.06 CI 2.03-2.10; OR 2.37 CI 2.34-2.41); and labourers in construction, manufacturing and transport (OR 1.90 CI 1.86-1.93; OR 2.21 CI 2.12-2.29). Men and women in teaching, scientific, health-related and managerial positions had the lowest age-adjusted ORs for poor self-reported health. The pattern in occupational health differences remained the same after controlling for activity status and socio-economic position.
Occupational health inequalities are apparent after a lag time of 10 years. The identification of types of workers in poor health provide valuable insights to future health promotion strategies in the Belgian workforce.
比利时缺乏按职业划分的健康差异的系统概述。这是第一项对比利时27个职业群体进行自我报告健康状况调查且有10年时间跨度的研究。
个体数据源自1991年和2001年比利时人口普查的匿名关联。从1991年比利时人口普查中选取总工作人口（25 - 55岁）。自我报告健康状况（1 = 健康状况一般或（非常）差；0 = （非常）健康）来自2001年人口普查。采用逻辑回归分析按职业群体分析1991年150万男性和100万女性的健康状况。1991年和2001年的活跃性别特定人群作为参照组。控制因素包括2001年人口普查时的年龄、活动状态和住房状况。
从事体力要求高职业的男性和女性工人更有可能报告健康状况不佳。年龄调整后优势比（OR）最高的三个职业是采掘和建筑行业工人（OR 2.08，95%置信区间（CI）2.05 - 2.10；OR 2.15，CI 1.93 - 2.40）；服务业初级工人（OR 2.06，CI 2.03 - 2.10；OR 2.37，CI 2.34 - 2.41）；以及建筑、制造和运输业劳动者（OR 1.90，CI 1.86 - 1.93；OR 2.21，CI 2.12 - 2.29）。从事教学、科研、健康相关和管理职位的男性和女性自我报告健康状况差的年龄调整后OR最低。在控制活动状态和社会经济地位后，职业健康差异模式保持不变。
10年时间跨度后职业健康不平等现象明显。识别健康状况不佳的工人群体类型为比利时劳动力未来的健康促进策略提供了有价值的见解。
