Bartoll Xavier, Cortès Imma, Artazcoz Lucía
Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pl Lesseps 1, 08023 Barcelona, Spain.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014 Jul;40(4):370-9. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3429. Epub 2014 Apr 9.
The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between full- and part-time employment (FTE and PTE) in terms of working conditions, on the one hand, and job satisfaction, health status, and work-related psychosocial problems according to gender and welfare state regime, on the other hand, and to analyze the role of working conditions in the association between PTE and FTE.
This cross-sectional study was based on a sample of 7921 men and 8220 women from the European Working Conditions Survey aged 16-64 years, who were employed part-time (5-19 or 20-30 hours per week) or full-time (31-40 hours/week). Multiple logistic regression models were fitted separately for each gender and welfare state regime.
PTE is associated with poorer working conditions than FTE for all national welfare types. Among women, only those in southern European countries experienced low job satisfaction [odds ratio after adjustment (OR adj) for sociodemographic variables, OR adj1.73, and 1.66, for those working 20-30 and 5-19 hours/week, respectively; reference group: FTE workers], but this association disappeared after further adjustment for working conditions. Low job satisfaction and poorer health status was more common among PTE men from continental (low job satisfaction, OR adj1.80 and 3.61, for 20-30 and 5-19 working hours/week, respectively), and southern European (OR adj, 2.98, for 5-19 working hours/week) countries. PTE tended to be associated with fewer psychosocial problems among women, but with more psychosocial problems among men in continental Europe and those those engaged in "mini-jobs" in southern European welfare regimes.
The association between FTE and PTE and job satisfaction, health status, and psychosocial problems is partly driven by working conditions and differs between gender and welfare regime. This highlights the importance of promoting effective measures to ensure equal treatment between FTE and PTE workers and the role of the social norms that form part of these different welfare states regimes.
本研究的目的一方面是分析全职和兼职工作（全职等效工作和非全职等效工作）在工作条件方面的差异，另一方面根据性别和福利国家制度分析工作满意度、健康状况以及与工作相关的社会心理问题，并分析工作条件在非全职等效工作和全职等效工作之间关联中的作用。
这项横断面研究基于欧洲工作条件调查中年龄在16 - 64岁的7921名男性和8220名女性样本，他们从事兼职（每周5 - 19或20 - 30小时）或全职工作（每周31 - 40小时）。针对每种性别和福利国家制度分别拟合多元逻辑回归模型。
对于所有国家福利类型，非全职等效工作与比全职等效工作更差的工作条件相关。在女性中，只有南欧国家的女性工作满意度较低[经社会人口学变量调整后的优势比（调整后OR），每周工作20 - 30小时和5 - 19小时的女性分别为1.73和1.66；参照组：全职等效工作者]，但在进一步对工作条件进行调整后，这种关联消失。低工作满意度和较差的健康状况在来自大陆国家（低工作满意度，每周工作20 - 30小时和5 - 19小时的调整后OR分别为1.80和3.61）以及南欧国家（每周工作5 - 19小时的调整后OR为2.98）的非全职等效工作男性中更为常见。非全职等效工作在女性中往往与较少的社会心理问题相关，但在欧洲大陆男性以及南欧福利制度中从事“零工”的男性中与较多的社会心理问题相关。
全职等效工作和非全职等效工作与工作满意度、健康状况和社会心理问题之间的关联部分由工作条件驱动，并且在性别和福利制度之间存在差异。这凸显了推行有效措施以确保全职等效工作者和非全职等效工作者平等待遇的重要性，以及构成这些不同福利国家制度一部分的社会规范的作用。
