Management of anxiety and depression in haemodialysis patients: the role of non-pharmacological methods.

Anxiety and depression in patients undergoing haemodialysis can be reduced by a variety of treatment methods, including pharmacological therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, regular exercise and relaxation techniques, such as Benson's relaxation method and acupressure treatment. Additionally, intradialytic exercise training programmes have a positive effect on patients' physical and psychological functioning. Moreover, social support from family and social environment, spirituality and religiosity, tele- nursing programmes and participation in network support groups frequently lead to a reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms in these people. Finally, the provision of education and information to dialysis patients by renal professionals and a systematic psychiatric evaluation of these individuals can lead to early diagnosis and treatment of depressive symptoms.