Okoli I C, Achonwa C C, Ogbuewu I P, Ezema C, Mbajiorgu C A, Emesowurum M C
Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B., Owerri, 1526, Nigeria.
Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2019 May;51(4):831-837. doi: 10.1007/s11250-018-1758-5. Epub 2018 Nov 19.
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of on-site feeding practices on the reproductive indices of pigs reared under educated smallholder system in Imo State, southeastern Nigeria. The smallholder pig farms (S1, S2, M, L1, and L2) visited were divided into small-, medium-, and large-size farms, with small farms stocking 70-80, medium 120-130, and larger 230-270 pigs. In each farm, six weaner pigs comprising Large White, Landrace, and Duroc breeds were selected and their ages and initial body weights determined. The feeds offered to the weaner pigs were physically characterized for their ingredient components. Thereafter, representative samples of the feeds were subjected to proximate biochemical analysis on the 1st, 7th, and 13th weeks of the study using standard methods. Results showed that all the farms utilized palm kernel cake as their major energy feedstuffs, in addition to soybean, common salt, local fish meal, and vitamins premix. Data generated were analyzed using analysis of variance and descriptive statistics (mean and percentages). The mean crude protein values of the feed samples collected from these farms were of similar range (13.49-14.20%), while crude fiber and ether extract values were very high. Data on calculated metabolizable energy values were also relatively low for growing pigs. There was significant (p < 0.05) differences in the final body weights of the grower pigs after 14 weeks of feeding across the farms. There were significant (p > 0.05) changes in weight gain, with farms S1, S2, M, L1, and L2 returning 24.50, 10.00, 67.50, 11 00, and 7.50 kg mean weights, respectively. There is a slight increment in birth weight of piglets in farms S1, S2, M, and L2 when compared with those in farm L1. Direct observations revealed that farms S1, L1, and L2 practiced flushing techniques which invariably resulted in higher litter size recorded in these farms. The dams in farms S1, L1, and L2 were observed to gain more weight during gestation and shed little during lactation.
本研究的目的是确定现场饲养方式对尼日利亚东南部伊莫州受过培训的小农户系统饲养的猪的繁殖指标的影响。所走访的小农户猪场（S1、S2、M、L1和L2）分为小型、中型和大型猪场，小型猪场存栏70 - 80头猪，中型猪场存栏120 - 130头猪，大型猪场存栏230 - 270头猪。在每个猪场，选取6头由大白猪、长白猪和杜洛克猪品种组成的断奶仔猪，测定其年龄和初始体重。对提供给断奶仔猪的饲料的成分进行物理特性分析。此后，在研究的第1周、第7周和第13周，使用标准方法对饲料的代表性样本进行近似生化分析。结果表明，除了大豆、食盐、当地鱼粉和维生素预混料外，所有猪场都将棕榈仁粕作为主要能量饲料。对生成的数据进行方差分析和描述性统计（均值和百分比）。从这些猪场收集的饲料样本的平均粗蛋白值范围相似（13.49 - 14.20%），而粗纤维和乙醚提取物值非常高。生长猪的计算代谢能值数据也相对较低。饲养14周后，各猪场育肥猪的最终体重存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。体重增加存在显著变化（p > 0.05），S1、S2、M、L1和L2猪场的平均体重分别为24.50、10.00、67.50、11.00和7.50千克。与L1猪场相比，S1、S2、M和L2猪场仔猪的出生体重略有增加。直接观察发现，S1、L1和L2猪场采用了催情技术，这些猪场的产仔数因此总是更高。观察发现，S1、L1和L2猪场的母猪在妊娠期体重增加更多，哺乳期体重减轻较少。
