Lipendele Calvin Paul, Lekule Faustine Paul, Mushi Daniel Elias, Ngowi Helena, Kimbi Eliakunda Casmir, Mejer Helena, Thamsborg Stig Milan, Johansen Maria Vang
Department of Animal Science and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. BOX 3004, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2015 Aug;47(6):1121-30. doi: 10.1007/s11250-015-0836-1. Epub 2015 May 2.
An on farm experiment was carried out to assess the effects of production systems on the performance of local pigs kept by smallholder farmers. Six villages from Mbeya and Mbozi districts, Tanzania were purposely selected based on the prominent pig production systems: free range, semi-confinement and total confinement. Fifteen pig keeping households were randomly selected from each village to participate in the study. A participatory rural appraisal and structured questionnaire were used for collecting information from the households on pig production and reproduction performance. In addition, a total of 180 weaner pigs, 2-3 months old, were purchased and randomly allocated to the 90 participating households. The pigs were subjected to three production systems: free range (M1), confinement with local diet (M2) and confinement with a compounded diet and anthelmintic treatment (M3). The anthelmintic treatment (piperazine citrate) was administered at 1 g per kg body weight. Faecal and blood samples were collected at month three of the experiment to assess the burden of intestinal helminths and sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis, respectively. Sows kept under free range system were reported to have smaller litter size both at farrowing and at weaning compared to those kept under confinement. The experiment showed pigs under M3 had higher (P < 0.05) liveweight gains (136 g/day) compared to pigs in M2 (73 g/day) and M1 (68 g/day). In addition, pigs in M3 had higher body length and heart girth size with the feed to gain ratio of 8.5. Free range pigs tended to have lower faecal egg counts for most worm species compared to permanently confined pigs. Sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis was 26%, with village prevalence ranging from 8 to 52%. Although pigs kept in M3 performed better than the rest, the compounded feed was too expensive for the farmers to afford. Locally available feed types combined with vitamin and mineral supplements may be a more sustainable option.
开展了一项农场试验，以评估生产系统对小农户饲养的本地猪生产性能的影响。根据主要的养猪生产系统：放养、半封闭式和全封闭式，从坦桑尼亚姆贝亚和姆博齐地区特意挑选了6个村庄。从每个村庄随机挑选15户养猪家庭参与研究。采用参与式农村评估和结构化问卷从这些家庭收集有关猪生产和繁殖性能的信息。此外，总共购买了180头2至3月龄的断奶仔猪，并随机分配给90户参与家庭。这些猪被置于三种生产系统中：放养（M1）、用当地饲料圈养（M2）和用配合饲料并进行驱虫处理圈养（M3）。驱虫处理（枸橼酸哌嗪）的剂量为每公斤体重1克。在试验的第三个月采集粪便和血液样本，分别评估肠道蠕虫负担和猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病的血清流行率。据报告，与圈养的母猪相比，放养系统下的母猪产仔时和断奶时的产仔数较少。试验表明，与M2组（73克/天）和M1组（68克/天）的猪相比，M3组的猪日增重更高（P < 0.05，136克/天）。此外，M3组的猪体长和胸围更大，料重比为8.5。与永久圈养的猪相比，放养的猪大多数蠕虫种类的粪便虫卵计数往往较低。猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病的血清流行率为26%，村庄流行率在8%至52%之间。尽管M3组的猪表现优于其他组，但配合饲料对农民来说太贵，他们负担不起。当地可得的饲料类型与维生素和矿物质补充剂相结合可能是更可持续的选择。
