J Laryngol Otol. 2018 Dec;132(12):1061-1066. doi: 10.1017/S0022215118002013. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Epistaxis is a common emergency presentation to ENT. The 'Epistaxis 2016: national audit of management' collected prospective data over a 30-day audit window in 113 centres. A 30-day all-cause mortality rate of 3.4 per cent was identified. This study examines in more detail the subgroup of patients who died during the audit period.
There were 985 eligible patients identified. Of these, 33 patients died within the audit period. World Health Organization bleeding score, Modified Early Warning System score, haemostasis time, source of referral, co-morbidities and cause of death were investigated from the dataset.
Patients who died were more likely to come from a ward environment, have co-existing cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a bleeding diathesis, be on antithrombotic medication, or have received a blood transfusion. Patients did not die from exsanguination.
Epistaxis may be seen as a general marker of poor health and a poor prognostic sign.
鼻出血是耳鼻喉科常见的紧急情况。《2016年鼻出血：全国管理审计》在113个中心的30天审计期内收集了前瞻性数据。确定了30天全因死亡率为3.4%。本研究更详细地考察了在审计期间死亡的患者亚组。
确定了985例符合条件的患者。其中，33例患者在审计期间死亡。从数据集中调查了世界卫生组织出血评分、改良早期预警系统评分、止血时间、转诊来源、合并症和死亡原因。
死亡患者更有可能来自病房环境，患有并存的心血管疾病、糖尿病或出血性疾病，正在接受抗血栓药物治疗，或接受过输血。患者并非死于失血过多。
鼻出血可能被视为健康状况不佳和预后不良的一个总体标志。
