Barrón Balderas Alejandro, Robledo Aceves Mireya, Coello Ramírez Pedro, García Rodríguez Elizabeth, Barriga Marín Javier A
Departamento de Urgencias de Pediatría, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Departamento de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Arch Argent Pediatr. 2018 Dec 1;116(6):409-414. doi: 10.5546/aap.2018.eng.409.
Caustic ingestion in pediatrics is a common cause of visits to the Emergency Department. An indiscriminate use of cleaning chemicals and an easy access to them are determining factors for these injuries.
Descriptive, analytical study. Children aged < 16 years hospitalized between January 1998 and December 2017 were included. The ingested caustic substance was identified as acid or alkaline. A gastrointestinal endoscopy was done to establish the burn grade. The grade of the burn was compared to the type of caustic substance using the χ2 test or the Fisher's exact test; a P value < 0.05 was considered significant.
A total of 133 children were admitted to the Emergency Department due to caustic ingestion. The caustic agent was acid in 41 % of cases and alkaline, in 59 %. The most common acid caustic substance was muriatic acid (36.8 %) and the most common alkaline caustic agent was caustic soda (41.4 %). An esophageal burn was the most common consequence of caustic soda ingestion compared to other caustic agents (p = 0.001), whereas muriatic acid ingestion was the most statistically significant cause of stomach burn (p = 0.001) and duodenal burn (p = 0.002). The age group that most commonly ingested some caustic agent (93.2 %) corresponded to children younger than 5 years.
The most common type of ingested caustic agent was alkaline, which caused esophageal burn; whereas, the ingestion of an acid caustic substance caused stomach and duodenal burns, as evidenced by endoscopy.
儿科腐蚀性物质摄入是急诊就诊的常见原因。清洁化学品的滥用以及儿童容易接触到这些化学品是导致此类伤害的决定因素。
描述性分析研究。纳入1998年1月至2017年12月期间住院的16岁以下儿童。摄入的腐蚀性物质分为酸性或碱性。通过胃肠内窥镜检查确定烧伤程度。使用χ2检验或费舍尔精确检验比较烧伤程度与腐蚀性物质类型；P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
共有133名儿童因腐蚀性物质摄入而入住急诊科。41%的病例腐蚀性物质为酸性，59%为碱性。最常见的酸性腐蚀性物质是盐酸（36.8%），最常见的碱性腐蚀性物质是苛性钠（41.4%）。与其他腐蚀性物质相比，摄入苛性钠最常见的后果是食管烧伤（p = 0.001），而摄入盐酸是胃烧伤（p = 0.001）和十二指肠烧伤（p = 0.002）的最具统计学意义的原因。最常摄入某种腐蚀性物质的年龄组（93.2%）为5岁以下儿童。
摄入的腐蚀性物质最常见类型为碱性，可导致食管烧伤；而摄入酸性腐蚀性物质会导致胃和十二指肠烧伤，这在内窥镜检查中得到证实。
