Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources and Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland.
Office of Population Affairs, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Rockville, Maryland.
J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2019 Sep;28(9):1227-1236. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7204. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Pregnancy and childrearing can impact women's health and alter chronic disease trajectories in later life, including cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to assess measures of women's cardiovascular health by time since last live birth. Data were from 4,021 nonpregnant U.S. women, 20-44 years of age, participating in the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cardiovascular health was assessed using physical measures, laboratory measures, self-reported behaviors, medical conditions, and selected psychosocial factors by time since last live birth. Women reported their last live birth within the past 12 months ("mothers of infants"; 7.4%), >12 months, but <3 years ago ("mothers of toddlers"; 10.0%), or ≥3 years ago ("mothers of older children"; 45.2%); 37.3% were nulliparous. Compared with nulliparous women, mothers of older children had a higher prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors, including unhealthy diet (75.6% vs. 68.8%) and smoking (28.1% vs. 21.9%), after adjustment for sociodemographics (including age). Mothers of toddlers had a higher prevalence of unhealthy diet (78.0% vs. 68.8%). Mothers also had poorer metabolic health as indicated by a higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol among mothers of toddlers and older children (44.2% and 40.4%, respectively, vs. 33.6%), and a higher prevalence of high waist circumference among mothers of infants (65.6% vs. 53.8%). Some mothers also had a higher prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors, including low physical activity and poor sleep. Prior pregnancy and childrearing may be associated with selected cardiovascular risk factors among nonpregnant reproductive-aged U.S. women.
妊娠和育儿会影响女性健康，并改变其晚年的慢性病轨迹，包括心血管疾病。本研究的目的是通过上次分娩后的时间评估女性心血管健康的衡量标准。 数据来自于 2007 年至 2014 年期间参加国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的 4021 名年龄在 20-44 岁之间的未怀孕美国女性。通过上次分娩后的时间，使用身体测量、实验室测量、自我报告的行为、医疗状况和选定的社会心理因素评估心血管健康。 女性在过去 12 个月内报告了最后一次分娩（“婴儿母亲”；7.4%）、>12 个月但<3 年前（“幼儿母亲”；10.0%）或≥3 年前（“大龄儿童母亲”；45.2%）；37.3%为未产妇。与未产妇相比，大龄儿童的母亲有更高的某些心血管危险因素的患病率，包括不健康的饮食（75.6%比 68.8%）和吸烟（28.1%比 21.9%），调整社会人口统计学因素（包括年龄）后。幼儿母亲的饮食不健康的比例更高（78.0%比 68.8%）。母亲的代谢健康状况也较差，表现在幼儿和大龄儿童的母亲中低 HDL 胆固醇的患病率较高（分别为 44.2%和 40.4%，而 33.6%），婴儿的母亲中高腰围的患病率较高（65.6%比 53.8%）。一些母亲也有更高的其他心血管危险因素的患病率，包括低体力活动和睡眠不佳。 以前的妊娠和育儿可能与美国非妊娠育龄女性的某些心血管危险因素有关。
