Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville , Louisville , Kentucky , USA.
Center on Drug and Alcohol and Research, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.
Subst Abus. 2019;40(2):160-169. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1528495. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Over the past decade, availability and use of novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) have proliferated globally. However, the prevalence of SCRAs use remains uncertain, as does the degree to which individuals reporting SCRA use prefer SCRA to other drugs. In April 2017, a total of 500 anonymous surveys were completed by clients enrolled in a residential drug recovery program. Chi-square and tests were used to examine significant differences between those who had ever used SCRA and those who had not. Logistic regression analysis was conducted in order to determine which other substances used within the past 12 months were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. About 69% (68.4%) of clients reported lifetime SCRA use. Those reporting SCRA use were predominantly younger ( = 32.5 vs. 40.7, < .001), single (60.3% vs. 48.1%, = .011), and white (87.1% vs. 77.7%, = .008) and were more likely to have experienced past-12-month homelessness (6.5% vs. 3.2%, = .004). This group had higher rates of probation/parole involvement (79.2% vs. 61.8%, < .001) and incarceration (91.8% vs. 79.6%, < .001). Individuals reporting SCRA use also showed extensive substance use histories and favored heroin, opioids, and amphetamines compared with SCRA. Only 5.2% of the SCRA-using group stated that SCRA was a preferred substance, and only 11.8% reported that they would try SCRA again. E-cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.88), traditional cannabis (AOR = 3.87), amphetamines (AOR = 2.20), and synthetic cathinones (AOR = 3.51) were significantly associated with past-12-month SCRA use. Motivations for use included circumnavigating drug screens and peer influence. Approximately half of those who tried SCRA reported adverse effects associated with use. Prevalence of SCRA use among individuals with a history of substance misuse and criminal justice system involvement is high; however, SCRA are not indicated as a preferred drug.
在过去的十年中，新型精神活性物质（如合成大麻素受体激动剂，简称 SCRA）的供应和使用在全球范围内迅速增加。然而，SCRA 的使用流行程度仍不确定，以及报告使用 SCRA 的个体对 SCRA 的偏好程度相对于其他药物的程度也不确定。 2017 年 4 月，通过参加住院戒毒康复计划的客户共完成了 500 份匿名调查。卡方检验和 检验用于检验曾使用过 SCRA 和未使用过 SCRA 的个体之间的显著差异。为了确定过去 12 个月内使用的其他物质与过去 12 个月的 SCRA 使用有何显著关联，进行了逻辑回归分析。 大约 69%（68.4%）的客户报告称曾使用过 SCRA。报告使用 SCRA 的人主要更年轻（32.5 岁 vs. 40.7 岁， < .001），单身（60.3% vs. 48.1%， = .011），且以白人为主（87.1% vs. 77.7%， = .008），并且更有可能经历过去 12 个月的无家可归（6.5% vs. 3.2%， = .004）。这组人群的缓刑/假释参与率（79.2% vs. 61.8%， < .001）和监禁率（91.8% vs. 79.6%， < .001）更高。报告使用 SCRA 的个体也显示出广泛的物质使用史，并偏爱海洛因、阿片类药物和苯丙胺，而不是 SCRA。只有 5.2%的 SCRA 使用组表示 SCRA 是首选药物，只有 11.8%的人表示他们会再次尝试 SCRA。电子烟（调整后的优势比 [AOR] = 1.88）、传统大麻（AOR = 3.87）、苯丙胺（AOR = 2.20）和合成卡西酮（AOR = 3.51）与过去 12 个月的 SCRA 使用显著相关。使用的动机包括逃避药物筛查和同伴影响。大约一半尝试过 SCRA 的人报告说与使用相关的不良反应。 有物质滥用和刑事司法系统参与史的个体中 SCRA 的使用流行率较高；然而，SCRA 并未被认为是首选药物。
