Madi Farah, Ismail Hussein, Fouad Fouad M, Kerbage Hala, Zaman Shahaduz, Jayawickrama Janaka, Sibai Abla M
1 Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
2 Faculty of Medicine, Universite Saint-Joseph, Beirut, Lebanon.
J Palliat Care. 2019 Apr;34(2):139-144. doi: 10.1177/0825859718812770. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
: The objective of this scoping review is to identify and map the global literature on death, dying, and end-of-life experiences among refugees. The study aims at identifying gaps in the literature produced on the topic and informs areas for future research in the field.
: We included articles that met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Population: Refugees and/or internally or externally displaced individuals due to wars, conflicts, nonnatural disasters, or emergencies; (2) Setting: End-of-life phase, dying, and death that took place following the refuge or displacement and reported after the year 1980; and (3) Study Design: All types of studies including but not limited to primary studies, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, news, editorials, commentaries, opinion pieces, technical reports, and policy briefs. A systematic search of the following electronic databases: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and JSTOR yielded 11 153 records. The search of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees database Refworld retrieved an additional 7510 records.
: Seven articles met our inclusion criteria. All articles were coauthored by scholars in universities/research institutes in high-income countries, and except for one, all were conducted in the country of the final settlement of refugees. One article adopted a qualitative approach, another article adopted a mixed-methods approach, one was a narrative review, and 4 articles were reviews of the literature. Three articles discussed access to medical/palliative care among older refugees, and 3 others addressed bereavement and death arrangements. Moreover, one article examined how transmigration and previous experiences from 2 cultural settings in home countries affect the contemplation of death and dying.
: Research on end-of-life experiences among refugees is sorely lacking. This study raises awareness of the need for empirical data on end-of-life challenges and palliative care among refugees, thus equipping humanitarian agencies with a more explicit and culturally sensitive lens targeting those with life-limiting conditions.
本范围综述的目的是识别和梳理全球关于难民死亡、临终及临终体验的文献。该研究旨在找出该主题文献中的空白，并为该领域未来的研究方向提供参考。
我们纳入了符合以下纳入标准的文章：（1）研究对象：因战争、冲突、非自然灾害或紧急情况而成为难民和/或境内或境外流离失所的个人；（2）研究背景：在1980年后报告的、发生在避难或流离失所后的临终阶段、濒死和死亡情况；（3）研究设计：所有类型的研究包括但不限于原始研究、叙述性综述、系统综述、新闻报道、社论、评论、观点文章、技术报告和政策简报。对以下电子数据库进行系统检索：医学期刊数据库（Medline）、Scopus数据库、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）和JSTOR数据库，共检索到11153条记录。对联合国难民事务高级专员公署数据库Refworld的检索又获得了7510条记录。
七篇文章符合我们的纳入标准。所有文章均由高收入国家大学/研究机构的学者共同撰写，除一篇外，其余均在难民最终定居国开展。一篇文章采用定性研究方法，另一篇采用混合研究方法；一篇是叙述性综述，四篇是文献综述。三篇文章讨论了老年难民获得医疗/姑息治疗的情况，另外三篇涉及丧亲之痛和死亡安排。此外还有一篇文章探讨了移民以及来自原籍国两种文化背景的既往经历如何影响对死亡和濒死的思考。
难民临终体验的研究严重匮乏。本研究提高了人们对获取难民临终挑战和姑息治疗实证数据必要性的认识，从而使各人道主义机构能够以更明确且具有文化敏感性的视角，关注那些生命有限的人群。
