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一种靶向病毒非结构蛋白 9 的纳米抗体抑制猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒复制。

A Nanobody Targeting Viral Nonstructural Protein 9 Inhibits Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Replication.

机构信息

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

Experimental Station of Veterinary Pharmacology and Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, China, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.

出版信息

J Virol. 2019 Feb 5;93(4). doi: 10.1128/JVI.01888-18. Print 2019 Feb 15.

Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is of great concern to the swine industry due to pandemic outbreaks of the disease, current ineffective vaccinations, and a lack of efficient antiviral strategies. In our previous study, a PRRSV Nsp9-specific nanobody, Nb6, was successfully isolated, and the intracellularly expressed Nb6 could dramatically inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. However, despite its small size, the application of Nb6 protein in infected cells is greatly limited, as the protein itself cannot enter the cells physically. In this study, a -activating transduction (TAT) peptide was fused with Nb6 to promote protein entry into cells. TAT-Nb6 was expressed as an inclusion body in , and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and pulldown assays showed that -expressed TAT-Nb6 maintained the binding ability to -expressed or PRRSV-encoded Nsp9. We demonstrated that TAT delivered Nb6 into MARC-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and TAT-Nb6 efficiently inhibited the replication of several PRRSV genotype 2 strains as well as a genotype 1 strain. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay, Nb6 recognition sites were identified in the C-terminal part of Nsp9 and spanned two discontinuous regions (Nsp9 and Nsp9). Taken together, these results suggest that TAT-Nb6 can be developed as an antiviral drug for the inhibition of PRRSV replication and controlling PRRS disease. The pandemic outbreak of PRRS, which is caused by PRRSV, has greatly affected the swine industry. We still lack an efficient vaccine, and it is an immense challenge to control its infection. An intracellularly expressed Nsp9-specific nanobody, Nb6, has been shown to be able to inhibit PRRSV replication in MARC-145 cells. However, its application is limited, because Nb6 cannot physically enter cells. Here, we demonstrated that the cell-penetrating peptide TAT could deliver Nb6 into cultured cells. In addition, TAT-Nb6 fusion protein could suppress the replication of various PRRSV strains in MARC-145 cells and PAMs. These findings may provide a new approach for drug development to control PRRS.

摘要

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是一种严重的猪病,其流行爆发、现有疫苗效果不佳以及缺乏有效的抗病毒策略,都对养猪业造成了巨大影响。在我们之前的研究中,成功分离出了一株 PRRSV Nsp9 特异性纳米抗体 Nb6,该抗体能够在 MARC-145 细胞中显著抑制 PRRSV 的复制。然而,尽管 Nb6 分子量较小,但由于其本身无法进入细胞,其在感染细胞中的应用受到极大限制。在本研究中,我们将 TAT 肽与 Nb6 融合,以促进蛋白进入细胞。TAT-Nb6 以包涵体的形式在大肠杆菌中表达,间接酶联免疫吸附试验和下拉试验表明,表达的 TAT-Nb6 保持了与表达的或 PRRSV 编码的 Nsp9 的结合能力。我们证明 TAT 可以将 Nb6 递送入 MARC-145 细胞和猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAMs)中,且呈剂量和时间依赖性,TAT-Nb6 能有效抑制几种 PRRSV 基因型 2 株和 1 株的复制。通过酵母双杂交试验,我们鉴定出 Nb6 在 Nsp9 的 C 端识别的两个不连续的结合位点(Nsp9 和 Nsp9)。综上所述,这些结果表明 TAT-Nb6 可作为一种抗 PRRSV 复制的抗病毒药物,用于控制 PRRS 疾病。由 PRRSV 引起的 PRRS 大流行对养猪业造成了巨大影响。我们仍然缺乏有效的疫苗,控制其感染是一个巨大的挑战。一种在 MARC-145 细胞中表达的 Nsp9 特异性纳米抗体 Nb6 已被证明能够抑制 PRRSV 的复制。然而,由于 Nb6 不能直接进入细胞,其应用受到限制。在这里,我们证明了穿膜肽 TAT 可以将 Nb6 递送入培养的细胞中。此外,TAT-Nb6 融合蛋白可以抑制 MARC-145 细胞和 PAMs 中各种 PRRSV 株的复制。这些发现可能为控制 PRRS 提供了一种新的药物开发方法。

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