Herrera Fabiany, Mitchell John D, Pell Susan K, Collinson Margaret E, Daly Douglas C, Manchester Steven R
1Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL USA.
2Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY USA.
Bot Rev. 2018;84(4):315-393. doi: 10.1007/s12229-018-9201-1. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
The Spondioideae subfamily of the Anacardiaceae is widely distributed today in tropical regions. Recent molecular phylogenetic investigations indicate that the Spondioideae are not monophyletic, but rather comprise at least two separate clades that are difficult to distinguish using vegetative and floral characters. Nevertheless, the syndrome of fruit characters traditionally used in identifying the subfamily is useful in discriminating genera of these clades and for identification of both modern and fossil anacardiaceous fruits. Here we document the morphology and anatomy of endocarps for representatives of all extant genera traditionally treated as Spondioideae, plus two genera that have been placed close to them in molecular investigations, and . All genera are characterized by drupe-like fruits with sclerified stones that vary from uni- to multilocular depending on the genus. Germination modes vary throughout the Spondioideae. Some have characteristic plug-like opercula; others have recessed bilabiate germination valves, and still others open by apical flaps or simple slits. Although most currently recognized genera appear to be monophyletic, fruit morphology indicates that current circumscriptions of , and are in need of revision.
漆树科的槟榔青亚科如今广泛分布于热带地区。最近的分子系统发育研究表明，槟榔青亚科并非单系类群，而是至少由两个难以通过营养体和花的特征区分的独立分支组成。然而，传统上用于识别该亚科的果实特征组合，对于区分这些分支中的属以及鉴定现代和化石漆树科果实很有用。在这里，我们记录了传统上被视为槟榔青亚科的所有现存属的代表以及在分子研究中被置于相近位置的两个属的内果皮形态和解剖结构。所有属的特征都是核果状果实，其硬化的果核根据属的不同从单室到多室不等。槟榔青亚科的萌发方式各不相同。有些具有特征性的塞状盖；有些具有凹陷的双唇萌发瓣，还有些通过顶端瓣或简单裂缝开口。尽管目前大多数公认的属似乎是单系类群，但果实形态表明，[此处缺失两个属名]目前的分类需要修订。
