Ebeling K, Nischan P
Zentralinstitut für Krebsforschung der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Berlin-Buch.
Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1988;58(3):197-212.
Important facts and hypotheses of descriptive and analytic epidemiology of breast cancer are presented and discussed in connection with results of studies carried out by the authors. Leading position and further increase in breast cancer incidence in many countries are the most important point of descriptive epidemiology. In the GDR breast cancer incidence amounts to 60 per 100,000 per year. On the other hand, there are large differences in the incidence between populations, which support hypotheses about the life style, especially of diet, as a risk factor for breast cancer. The most important groups of risk factors which have been investigated are menstrual and reproductive factors, genetics, hormonal status, diet, benign breast disease, radiation and oral contraceptives. Early age at menarche and late age at menopause, nulliparity and late age at first birth, breast cancer in first-degree relatives, benign breast disease and radiation increase breast cancer risk. The results of case-control studies concerning diet are not yet convincing. A number of studies shows no overall increase of breast cancer risk. Finally, possibilities of breast cancer control are discussed.
本文结合作者开展的研究结果，介绍并讨论了乳腺癌描述性和分析性流行病学的重要事实及假设。在许多国家，乳腺癌发病率居首位且呈进一步上升趋势，这是描述性流行病学的最重要要点。在民主德国，乳腺癌发病率为每年每10万人中有60例。另一方面，不同人群之间的发病率存在很大差异，这支持了关于生活方式尤其是饮食作为乳腺癌风险因素的假设。已调查的最重要的风险因素组包括月经和生殖因素、遗传学、激素状态、饮食、乳腺良性疾病、辐射和口服避孕药。初潮早、绝经晚、未生育和初产晚、一级亲属患乳腺癌、乳腺良性疾病和辐射会增加患乳腺癌的风险。关于饮食的病例对照研究结果尚无说服力。一些研究表明乳腺癌风险总体上没有增加。最后，讨论了乳腺癌控制的可能性。
