Kelsey J L, Fischer D B, Holford T R, LiVoisi V A, Mostow E D, Goldenberg I S, White C
J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Aug;67(2):327-33.
In a hospital-based case-control study of the epidemiology of breast cancer undertaken in Connecticut from 1977 to 1979, there was no evidence of an increase in risk for breast cancer among women who had used oral contraceptives or estrogen-replacement therapy. In fact, there was some suggestion of a decrease in risk for breast cancer with increasing length of use of oral contraceptives. Higher than average risks were found among women who had never give birth to a child, women with a late age at menopause, women, with an early age at menarche, women who had given birth to their first child at a relatively late age, women with previous benign breast disease, and women with a history of breast cancer in a sister or mother. Heavy women were at high risk for premenopausal breast cancer. The association between heaviness and postmenopausal breast cancer was strongest among women who had had their last menstrual period more than 5 years before the diagnosis of breast cancer.
在1977年至1979年于康涅狄格州开展的一项基于医院的乳腺癌流行病学病例对照研究中，没有证据表明使用口服避孕药或雌激素替代疗法的女性患乳腺癌的风险增加。事实上，有迹象表明随着口服避孕药使用时间的延长，患乳腺癌的风险有所降低。从未生育过的女性、绝经年龄较晚的女性、初潮年龄较早的女性、首次生育年龄相对较晚的女性、既往有良性乳腺疾病的女性以及姐妹或母亲有乳腺癌病史的女性，其风险高于平均水平。肥胖女性患绝经前乳腺癌的风险较高。肥胖与绝经后乳腺癌之间的关联在乳腺癌诊断前最后一次月经超过5年的女性中最为明显。
