The Women's Health and Exercise Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 219 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2019 Jan;51:169-175. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.10.016. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
Although exercising women are at high risk of poor iron status, it is unknown how non-pathological, physiological menstrual function affects iron status. As such, this study investigates the association between menstrual function and iron status in exercising women with amenorrhea and exercising women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic menstrual cycles.
Cross-sectional analysis of iron depletion prevalence, iron status indices, exercise parameters, and diet composition.
Women aged 18-35 years performing at least 2 h per week of aerobic exercise were recruited. Women with amenorrhea (AMEN) were defined by the absence of menses for at least 90 days or less than 6 menses in the past 12 months (n = 82). Women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic menstrual cycles (OvEU) were defined by the presence of ovulatory cycles of 26-35 days in length for the past 6 months (n = 109). Group differences in serum ferritin (Ft), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), total body iron (TBI), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), iron depletion prevalence (Ft <15 μg/L), peak oxygen consumption (VO), exercise minutes per week, and diet logs were assessed.
The prevalence of iron depletion was greater in OvEU when compared to AMEN (26% vs. 15%, p = 0.04). No significant differences were observed between AMEN and OvEU in Ft (30.2 ± 2.2 vs. 24.9 ± 2.6 μg/L; p = 0.62), sTfR (5.2 ± 1.4 vs. 4.9 ± 1.5 mg/L; p = 0.95), TBI (5.3 ± 2.7 vs. 4.8 ± 3.7 mg/kg; p = 0.42), Hb (13.2 ± 0.4 vs. 13.4 ± 0.6 g/dL; p = 0.80), Hct (39.5 ± 0.8% vs. 39.8 ± 4.1%; p = 0.93), or exercise parameters. AMEN consumed more vitamin C than OvEU (269 ± 180 vs. 129 ± 141 mg/day, p < 0.001), but all other dietary factors were similar between AMEN and OvEU.
Exercising women with ovulatory, eumenorrheic cycles are at a greater risk of iron depletion than exercising, amenorrheic women. Thus, menstrual function must be considered when screening for poor iron status in exercising women.
尽管运动女性铁缺乏的风险较高，但非病理性、生理月经功能如何影响铁状态尚不清楚。因此，本研究调查了闭经和排卵、月经正常的运动女性的月经功能与铁状态之间的关系。
铁缺乏患病率、铁状态指标、运动参数和饮食成分的横断面分析。
招募年龄在 18-35 岁、每周至少进行 2 小时有氧运动的女性。闭经（AMEN）的定义为至少 90 天无月经或过去 12 个月内月经少于 6 次（n=82）。排卵、月经正常的周期（OvEU）的定义为过去 6 个月内 26-35 天的排卵周期（n=109）。评估血清铁蛋白（Ft）、可溶性转铁蛋白受体（sTfR）、全身铁（TBI）、血红蛋白（Hb）、血细胞比容（Hct）、铁缺乏患病率（Ft<15μg/L）、最大摄氧量（VO）、每周运动分钟数和饮食记录之间的组间差异。
与 AMEN 相比，OvEU 中的铁缺乏患病率更高（26%比 15%，p=0.04）。AMEN 和 OvEU 之间 Ft（30.2±2.2 比 24.9±2.6μg/L；p=0.62）、sTfR（5.2±1.4 比 4.9±1.5mg/L；p=0.95）、TBI（5.3±2.7 比 4.8±3.7mg/kg；p=0.42）、Hb（13.2±0.4 比 13.4±0.6g/dL；p=0.80）、Hct（39.5±0.8% 比 39.8±4.1%；p=0.93）或运动参数均无显著差异。AMEN 比 OvEU 摄入更多的维生素 C（269±180 比 129±141mg/天，p<0.001），但 AMEN 和 OvEU 之间的其他饮食因素相似。
排卵、月经正常的运动女性比闭经运动女性更容易出现铁缺乏。因此，在筛查运动女性铁缺乏时必须考虑月经功能。
