Mardetko Nika, Kos Mitja, Vogler Sabine
a Faculty of pharmacy , University of Ljubljana , Ljubljana , Slovenia.
b WHO Collaborating Centre for Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies, Pharmacoeconomics Department , Gesundheit Österreich GmbH (Austrian Public Health Institute) , Vienna , Austria.
Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2019 Apr;19(2):159-179. doi: 10.1080/14737167.2019.1552137. Epub 2018 Dec 7.
Medicine purchasing and pricing decisions usually rely on officially published prices. Literature has reported evaluations of publicly stated prices. However, due to the frequent use of confidential price arrangements there are indications for paucity of data on actual medicine prices. Therefore, the study aimed to systematically review literature with regard to availability of information on actual medicine prices.
The Medline database was searched systematically to identify studies addressing actually paid prices of medicines used in-patient or out-patient care from the health care payer, health provider, or patient perspective, published during 2007-2017. A total of 33 observational studies were included in the analysis.
The review confirmed the paucity of studies on actual medicine prices, with only few studies evaluating differences between official and actually paid prices. The included studies are heterogeneous and differ in their design and focus. Non-availability of actual price data in several non-European countries results from lack of price regulation, which usually coincides with variation in actual prices for the same medicines between different dispensaries. In high-income, mostly European countries, transparency of actual prices is limited due to increased use of confidential medicine price arrangements.
药品采购和定价决策通常依赖于官方公布的价格。文献报道了对公开声明价格的评估。然而，由于保密价格安排的频繁使用，有迹象表明实际药品价格的数据匮乏。因此，本研究旨在系统回顾有关实际药品价格信息可得性的文献。
系统检索了Medline数据库，以识别从医疗保健支付方、医疗服务提供者或患者角度出发，探讨2007年至2017年期间住院或门诊使用药品的实际支付价格的研究。分析共纳入33项观察性研究。
该综述证实了关于实际药品价格的研究匮乏，只有少数研究评估官方价格与实际支付价格之间的差异。纳入的研究具有异质性，在设计和重点方面存在差异。几个非欧洲国家缺乏实际价格数据是由于缺乏价格监管，这通常与同一药品在不同药房的实际价格差异同时存在。在高收入的大多数欧洲国家，由于保密药品价格安排的使用增加，实际价格的透明度有限。
