University of Otago, 23a Mein St, Newtown, 6242, Wellington, New Zealand.
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Appetite. 2019 Feb 1;133:240-251. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.11.004. Epub 2018 Nov 20.
Children's sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption presents significant risks for obesity, type 2 diabetes and dental health. But there is a lack of objective data on beverages in children's overall environments. This study aimed to determine the nature and extent of children's beverage availability, purchase and consumption, throughout their day, using wearable cameras for data collection. Data were sourced from 'Kids'Cam NZ', a study in which randomly-selected New Zealand children (n = 168; 11-14y, mean 12.6y) wore cameras for four days (Thursday-Sunday), automatically taking a photo every 7s. Using content analysis, Thursday and Saturday images (n = 700,201) were systematically analysed. On average, 18.9 (95% CI 16.8, 21.4) drinks/day were available to the children (n = 158), of which 7.5 (95% CI 5.8, 9.7; 39.7%) were non-core drinks, including 6.4 (95% CI 5.0, 8.3; 33.9%) SSBs. At school and home, core drinks (water and unflavoured milk) were the most available. In all other locations in which children spent time (e.g., recreation venues and food retail outlets) non-core drinks dominated, at rates 1.5-5 times that of core drinks availability. Almost all drinks (n = 17; 10.8%) the children purchased were non-core. On average, children (n = 111; 70.3%) consumed a drink 2.6 (95% CI 2.1, 3.1) times/day, including one (95% CI 0.7, 1.3) SSB. At school and home core drinks predominated. SSBs were available to most children in all locations in which they spent time, and dominated their drinks purchases and consumption. SSBs appear to be a typical feature of children's everyday environments, almost certainly making it difficult for children's beverage intakes to align with guidelines. The findings support calls for governments to urgently enact the SSB-related actions in the WHO Commission's Ending Childhood Obesity implementation plan and, in turn, improve child health.
儿童饮用含糖饮料（SSB）会显著增加肥胖、2 型糖尿病和口腔健康的风险。但是，儿童所处环境中的饮料种类和数量缺乏客观数据。本研究旨在通过佩戴相机收集数据，确定儿童全天饮料的供应、购买和消费情况。研究数据来源于新西兰的“Kids'Cam NZ”，随机选取了 168 名 11-14 岁（平均 12.6 岁）的儿童佩戴相机四天（周四-周日），每 7 秒自动拍摄一张照片。采用内容分析法，系统分析了周四和周六的图像（n=700,201）。平均而言，儿童（n=158）每天可获得 18.9 种（95%CI 16.8, 21.4）饮料，其中 7.5 种（95%CI 5.8, 9.7；39.7%）是非核心饮料，包括 6.4 种（95%CI 5.0, 8.3；33.9%）含糖饮料。在学校和家中，核心饮料（水和原味牛奶）供应最多。在儿童其他活动场所（如娱乐场所和食品零售店），非核心饮料占主导地位，供应率是核心饮料的 1.5-5 倍。儿童购买的几乎所有饮料（n=17；10.8%）均为非核心饮料。平均而言，儿童（n=111；70.3%）每天饮用饮料 2.6 次（95%CI 2.1, 3.1），其中包括 1 次（95%CI 0.7, 1.3）含糖饮料。在学校和家中，核心饮料占主导地位。在儿童所有活动场所，大多数儿童都可获得 SSB，且 SSB 占据其饮料购买和消费的主导地位。SSB 似乎是儿童日常生活环境的一个典型特征，几乎可以肯定地说，儿童饮料的摄入量难以符合相关指南。这些发现支持人们呼吁政府紧急在世界卫生组织委员会的《终结儿童肥胖实施计划》中采取与 SSB 相关的行动，从而改善儿童健康。
