Liu Yuhong, Li Jiamin, Cui Liang, Huo Nan, Assad Syed M, Li Xiaoying, Ou Z Y
Opt Express. 2018 Oct 15;26(21):27705-27715. doi: 10.1364/OE.26.027705.
Heisenberg uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics sets the limit on the measurement precision of non-commuting observables in one system, which prevents us from measuring them accurately at the same time. However, quantum entanglement between two systems allows us to infer through Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations two conjugate observables with precision better than what is allowed by Heisenberg uncertainty relation. With the help of the newly developed SU(1,) interferometer, we implement a scheme to jointly measure information encoded in multiple non-commuting observables of an optical field with a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of about 20% over the classical limit on all measured quantities simultaneously. This scheme can be generalized to the joint measurement of information in arbitrary number of non-commuting observables.
量子力学中的海森堡不确定性关系设定了一个系统中对易可观测量测量精度的限制，这使得我们无法同时精确测量它们。然而，两个系统之间的量子纠缠使我们能够通过爱因斯坦 - 波多尔斯基 - 罗森关联以优于海森堡不确定性关系所允许的精度推断两个共轭可观测量。借助新开发的SU(1, )干涉仪，我们实现了一种方案，可同时对光场多个对易可观测量中编码的信息进行联合测量，所有测量量的信噪比相对于经典极限提高了约20%。该方案可推广到对任意数量对易可观测量中的信息进行联合测量。
