Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2019 Apr;37(4):373-388. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.10.004. Epub 2018 Nov 21.
Pathogens comprise a diverse set of immunostimulatory molecules that activate the innate immune system during infection. The immune system recognizes distinct combinations of pathogenic molecules leading to multiple immune activation events that cooperate to produce enhanced immune responses, known as 'immune synergies'. Effective immune synergies are essential for the clearance of pathogens, thus inspiring novel adjuvant design to improve vaccines. We highlight current vaccine adjuvants and the importance of immune synergies to adjuvant and vaccine design. The focus is on new technologies used to study and apply immune synergies to adjuvant and vaccine development. Finally, we discuss how recent findings can be applied to the future design and characterization of synergistic adjuvants and vaccines.
病原体包含了一组多样化的免疫刺激性分子，这些分子在感染期间激活先天免疫系统。免疫系统识别病原体分子的独特组合，导致多种免疫激活事件协同作用，产生增强的免疫反应，称为“免疫协同作用”。有效的免疫协同作用对于清除病原体至关重要，因此激发了新型佐剂设计以改善疫苗。我们强调了当前的疫苗佐剂以及免疫协同作用对于佐剂和疫苗设计的重要性。重点是用于研究和应用免疫协同作用以开发佐剂和疫苗的新技术。最后，我们讨论了如何将最近的发现应用于协同佐剂和疫苗的未来设计和表征。
