School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Asian J Psychiatr. 2019 Jan;39:17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.013. Epub 2018 Nov 15.
To determine the prevalence of falls and to assess its relationship with cognitive deficits, depression, visual impairment and self-reported hearing impairment among the elderly.
This was a community-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 52 villages in the Naraingarh and Barara block of Ambala district which involved 468 participants. A pretested predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data regarding demographic profile, falls, and physical morbidities. Geriatric Depression Scale-Hindi, Hindi-mini-mental state examination, Snellen chart, Katz- Activity of Daily Living were used to collect data for depression, cognitive decline, vision and activity of daily living respectively.
The prevalence of falls was found to be 28.7%. An association was found between falls and slippery floors in the houses, hearing loss, vertigo, hypertension, use of multiple medications, depression and functional disability in univariate analysis. On multivariate regression analysis, slippery floors (OR = 2.28), use of multiple medications (OR = 1.71), hearing loss(OR = 1.83) and presence of depression (OR = 1.62) were found to be independent risk factors with falls.
There is high prevalence of falls among the elderly and these are commonly related to preventable factors. Appropriate environmental modifications and exercise programs can help reduce the rate of falls as well as injuries related to falls among the elderly.
确定老年人跌倒的发生率，并评估其与认知功能障碍、抑郁、视力障碍和自我报告的听力障碍的关系。
这是一项在安巴拉区纳拉因加尔和巴拉拉街区的 52 个村庄进行的基于社区的横断面研究，涉及 468 名参与者。使用经过预测试的预先设计的问卷收集有关人口统计学特征、跌倒和身体疾病的数据。使用老年抑郁量表-印地语、印地语简易精神状态检查、斯内伦图表、Katz 日常生活活动量表分别收集抑郁、认知能力下降、视力和日常生活活动的数据。
发现跌倒的发生率为 28.7%。在单变量分析中，发现跌倒与房屋内地面湿滑、听力损失、眩晕、高血压、使用多种药物、抑郁和功能障碍之间存在关联。在多变量回归分析中，发现地面湿滑（OR=2.28）、使用多种药物（OR=1.71）、听力损失（OR=1.83）和存在抑郁（OR=1.62）是与跌倒相关的独立危险因素。
老年人跌倒的发生率很高，这些跌倒通常与可预防的因素有关。适当的环境改造和锻炼计划可以帮助降低老年人跌倒率以及与跌倒相关的伤害。
