Discovery and Characterization of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid Synthase of Bacterial Origin.

The guangnanmycins (GNMs) belong to a small group of natural products featuring a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) moiety. While extensively studied in plants, ACC biosynthesis in bacteria remains poorly understood. Here we report inactivation of gnmY in vivo and biochemical characterization of GnmY in vitro, assigning GnmY as the first bacterial free ACC synthase that catalyzes the synthesis of ACC from S-adenosyl methionine. ACC is activated by GnmS and subsequently incorporated into the GNM scaffold by the GNM hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase-polyketide synthase system in GNM biosynthesis. GnmS exhibits relaxed substrate specificity, exploitation of which allowed the incorporation of 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (ACBC) into the GNM scaffold to produce a GNM analogue with a cyclobutane ring at C-17. This study provides new insights into ACC biosynthesis in bacteria. GnmY and GnmS might be portable to engineer other ACC/ACBC-containing natural products.