Satoh Miho, Watanabe Ikue, Asakura Kyoko
Department of Fundamental Nursing, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University.
Department of Nursing, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine.
Tohoku J Exp Med. 2018 Nov;246(3):175-182. doi: 10.1620/tjem.246.175.
In order to retain nursing staff, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the factors that motivate nurses to stay at an institution. Toward this aim, we identified a variety of factors that strengthen nurses' intention to stay at their current hospital. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted at 12 hospitals in the Tohoku and Kanto regions of Japan. Of the 1,034 nurses working in those hospitals, 713 returned the questionnaire (response rate: 69.0%). Of these, we analysed the data of 485 nurses (17.42 ± 9.83 years of clinical experience, 95.3% female) (valid response rate: 46.9%) who met the inclusion criteria of planning to stay at their current hospital and completing all questionnaire items. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that variables strengthening intention to stay at the current hospital could be grouped into five factors: "comfortable workplace environment," "passive motivational factors," "convenience of hospital location," "favorable work-life balance," and "fulfilment in nursing." Nurses who were married or had children placed a higher priority on a "favorable work-life balance" in remaining at their current workplace. Regular employees or nurses working in the smaller cities tended to display higher "passive motivational factors," which comprised various extrinsic factors. Though extrinsic factors are considered to make only short-term contributions to employee retention, they could generate positive synergistic effects when combined with intrinsic motivations such as "fulfilment in nursing." Effective nurse-retention strategies should be developed by capitalizing on the interaction among the five factors that strengthen nurses to stay at their current hospital.
为了留住护理人员，全面了解促使护士留在某机构的因素至关重要。为实现这一目标，我们确定了多种能增强护士留在当前医院意愿的因素。在日本东北和关东地区的12家医院进行了横断面问卷调查。在这些医院工作的1034名护士中，713人返回了问卷（回复率：69.0%）。其中，我们分析了485名护士（临床经验17.42±9.83年，95.3%为女性）的数据（有效回复率：46.9%），这些护士符合计划留在当前医院并完成所有问卷项目的纳入标准。探索性因素分析表明，增强留在当前医院意愿的变量可分为五个因素：“舒适的工作场所环境”、“被动激励因素”、“医院位置便利”、“良好的工作与生活平衡”以及“护理工作成就感”。已婚或有孩子的护士在留在当前工作场所时更看重“良好的工作与生活平衡”。正式员工或在小城市工作的护士往往表现出较高的“被动激励因素”，这包括各种外在因素。虽然外在因素被认为对员工留任意愿仅能产生短期影响，但当与诸如“护理工作成就感”等内在动机相结合时，它们可能会产生积极的协同效应。应通过利用增强护士留在当前医院意愿的五个因素之间的相互作用来制定有效的护士留用策略。
