1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Str., 31-121, Krakow, Poland.
2Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, G4 ORE, Glasgow, UK.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2018 Nov 15;7:136. doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0428-8. eCollection 2018.
The problem of inappropriate use of antibiotics and the resulting growth in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has implications for Poland and the world. The objective of this paper was to compare and contrast antibiotic resistance and antibiotic utilisation in Poland in recent years versus other European countries, including agreed quality indicators, alongside current AMR patterns and ongoing policies and initiatives in Poland to influence and improve antibiotic prescribing.
A quantitative ten-year analysis (2007-2016) of the use of antibiotics based on European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) data combined with a literature review on AMR rates and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.
The system of monitoring AMR and appropriate strategies to address AMR rates remain underdeveloped in Poland. The role of microbiological diagnostics and efforts to prevent infections is currently underestimated by physicians. Overall, Poland had one of the highest rates of total consumption of antibiotics in the analysed European countries. Total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use and relative consumption of beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins were characterized by small but statistically significant average annual increases between 2007 and 2016 (from 22.2 DIDs to 23.9 DIDs and from 0.8 to 1.3%, respectively).
The integrated activities around appropriate antibiotic prescribing in the pre- and post-graduate training of physicians and dentists seem to be particularly important, as well as changes in policies on prescribing antibiotics within ambulatory care. AMR and appropriate prescribing of antibiotics should be the focus of health policy actions in Poland.
抗生素使用不当导致的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）增长问题不仅对波兰，而且对全世界都有影响。本文的目的是比较和对比近年来波兰与其他欧洲国家（包括商定的质量指标）的抗生素耐药性和抗生素使用情况，同时分析波兰当前的 AMR 模式以及正在进行的影响和改善抗生素处方的政策和举措。
对基于欧洲疾病预防控制中心（ECDC）数据的抗生素使用情况进行了十年的定量分析（2007-2016 年），并结合 AMR 率和抗菌药物管理举措的文献综述。
波兰的 AMR 监测系统和应对 AMR 率的策略仍不够完善。微生物诊断的作用以及预防感染的努力目前被医生低估了。总体而言，波兰是分析的欧洲国家中抗生素总消耗量最高的国家之一。全身用抗菌药物的总消耗量和β-内酰胺酶敏感青霉素的相对消耗量在 2007 年至 2016 年间呈现出小但具有统计学意义的年均增长（分别从 22.2 DIDs 增加到 23.9 DIDs 和从 0.8%增加到 1.3%）。
在医学生和牙医的毕业前和毕业后培训中开展适当的抗生素处方综合活动似乎尤为重要，同时还需要改变门诊护理中开具抗生素的政策。AMR 和适当的抗生素处方应成为波兰卫生政策行动的重点。
