Bender M A, Awa A A, Brooks A L, Evans H J, Groer P G, Littlefield L G, Pereira C, Preston R J, Wachholz B W
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.
Mutat Res. 1988 Sep;196(2):103-59. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(88)90017-6.
The estimation of the magnitude of a dose of ionizing radiation to which an individual has been exposed (or of the plausibility of an alleged exposure) from chromosomal aberration frequencies determined in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures is a well-established methodology, having first been employed over 25 years ago. The cytogenetics working group has reviewed the accumulated data and the possible applicability of the technique to the determination of radiation doses to which American veterans might have been exposed as participants in nuclear weapons tests in the continental U.S.A. or the Pacific Atolls during the late 1940s and 1950s or as members of the Occupation Forces entering Hiroshima or Nagasaki shortly after the nuclear detonations there. The working group believes that with prompt peripheral blood sampling, external doses to individuals of the order of about 10 rad (or less if the exposure was to high-LET radiation) can accurately be detected and measured. It also believes that exposures of populations to doses of the order of maximum permissible occupational exposures can also be detected (but only in populations; not in an individual). Large exposures of populations can also be detected even several decades after their exposure, but only in the case of populations, and of large doses (of the order of 100 to several hundred rad). The working group does not believe that cytogenetic measurements can detect internal doses from fallout radionuclides in individuals unless these are very large. The working group has approached the problem of detection of small doses (less than or equal to 10 or so rad) sampled decades after the exposure of individuals by using a Bayesian statistical approach. Only a preliminary evaluation of this approach was possible, but it is clear that it could provide a formal statement of the likelihood that any given observation of a particular number of chromosomal aberrations in a sample of any particular number of lymphocytes actually indicates an exposure to any given dose of radiation. It is also clear that aberration frequencies (and consequently doses) would have to be quite high before much confidence could be given to either exposure or dose estimation by this method, given the approximately 3 decades of elapsed time between the exposures and any future blood sampling.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
通过在外周血淋巴细胞培养中测定的染色体畸变频率来估算个人所受电离辐射剂量的大小（或所宣称暴露的可信度），是一种行之已久的方法，早在25年多以前就已首次采用。细胞遗传学工作组审查了积累的数据以及该技术对于确定美国退伍军人作为20世纪40年代末和50年代美国本土或太平洋环礁核武器试验参与者，或作为核爆炸后不久进入广岛或长崎的占领军成员可能所受辐射剂量的可能适用性。工作组认为，通过及时采集外周血，大约10拉德量级的个体外部剂量（如果暴露于高传能线密度辐射，则剂量更低）能够被准确检测和测量。工作组还认为，人群所受剂量达到最大允许职业暴露量级的情况也能够被检测到（但只能针对人群，而非个体）。即使在暴露几十年后，人群的大剂量暴露也能够被检测到，但同样仅适用于人群以及大剂量情况（100至几百拉德量级）。工作组认为，细胞遗传学测量无法检测个体因沉降放射性核素所致的体内剂量，除非这些剂量非常大。工作组采用贝叶斯统计方法来解决在个体暴露几十年后采集的小剂量（小于或等于10拉德左右）检测问题。对于该方法只能进行初步评估，但很明显，它能够正式说明在任何特定数量淋巴细胞样本中观察到的特定数量染色体畸变实际表明暴露于任何给定辐射剂量的可能性。同样明显的是，考虑到暴露与未来任何血液采样之间大约30年的时间间隔，在通过该方法对暴露或剂量估计给予很大信心之前，畸变频率（进而剂量）必须相当高。（摘要截选至400词）
