加热不燃烧烟草产品 IQOS 释放的游离碱和总尼古丁、活性氧和羰基化合物。
Free-Base and Total Nicotine, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Carbonyl Emissions From IQOS, a Heated Tobacco Product.
机构信息
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Psychology, Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Aug 19;21(9):1285-1288. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty235.
INTRODUCTION
IQOS is an emerging heated tobacco product marketed by Philip Morris International (PMI). Because the tobacco in IQOS is electrically heated and not combusted, PMI claims that it generates significantly lower toxicant levels than combustible cigarettes. To date, a few independent studies have addressed IQOS toxicant emissions, and none have reported reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the form of the nicotine emitted by the device.
METHODS
In this study, IQOS aerosol was generated using a custom-made puffing machine. Two puffing regimens were used: Health Canada Intense and ISO. ROS, carbonyl compounds (CCs), and total nicotine and its partitioning between free-base and protonated forms were quantified in the IQOS aerosol by fluorescence, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography, respectively. The same toxicants were also quantified in combustible cigarette aerosols for comparison. In addition, propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin were also measured in the IQOS tobacco and aerosol.
RESULTS
IQOS and combustible cigarettes were found to emit similar quantities of total and free-base nicotine. IQOS total ROS (6.26 ± 2.72 nmol H2O2/session) and CC emissions (472 ± 19 µg/session) were significant, but 85% and 77% lower than levels emitted by combustible cigarettes.
CONCLUSIONS
IQOS emits harmful constituents that are linked to cancer, pulmonary disease, and addiction in cigarette smokers. For a given nicotine intake, inhalation exposure to ROS and CCs from IQOS is likely to be significantly less than that for combustible cigarettes.
IMPLICATIONS
IQOS is PMI's new heated tobacco product. PMI claims that because IQOS heats and does not burn tobacco it generates low toxicant yields. We found that one IQOS stick can emit similar free-base and total nicotine yields as a combustible cigarette. A pack-a-day equivalent user of IQOS may experience significant inhalation exposure of ROS and CCs compared to background air. However, substituting IQOS for combustible cigarettes will likely result in far lower ROS and carbonyl inhalation exposure for a given daily nicotine intake.
简介
IQOS 是菲利普莫里斯国际公司（PMI）推出的一种新型加热烟草产品。由于 IQOS 中的烟草是通过电加热而不是燃烧，因此 PMI 声称它产生的有毒物质水平明显低于可燃香烟。迄今为止，一些独立的研究已经涉及 IQOS 有毒物质排放，但没有报告活性氧（ROS）和设备释放的尼古丁形式。
方法
在这项研究中，使用定制的抽吸机生成 IQOS 气溶胶。使用两种抽吸方案：加拿大健康强化和 ISO。通过荧光、高效液相色谱和气相色谱分别定量测定 IQOS 气溶胶中的 ROS、羰基化合物（CCs）以及总尼古丁及其游离碱和质子化形式的分配。为了进行比较，还对可燃香烟气溶胶中的相同有毒物质进行了定量。此外，还测量了 IQOS 烟草和气溶胶中的丙二醇和蔬菜甘油。
结果
发现 IQOS 和可燃香烟释放的总尼古丁和游离碱尼古丁数量相似。IQOS 总 ROS（6.26 ± 2.72 nmol H2O2/次）和 CC 排放（472 ± 19 µg/次）显著，但比可燃香烟低 85%和 77%。
结论
IQOS 释放的有害成分与癌症、肺部疾病和吸烟成瘾有关。对于给定的尼古丁摄入量，从 IQOS 吸入 ROS 和 CCs 的暴露量可能明显低于可燃香烟。
意义
IQOS 是 PMI 的新型加热烟草产品。PMI 声称，由于 IQOS 加热而不燃烧烟草，因此它产生的有毒物质产量较低。我们发现，一根 IQOS 棒可释放与可燃香烟相当的游离碱和总尼古丁产量。每天使用 IQOS 相当于一包香烟的人，与背景空气相比，可能会经历大量 ROS 和 CCs 的吸入暴露。然而，与可燃香烟相比，用 IQOS 替代可燃香烟可能会导致相同每日尼古丁摄入量下 ROS 和羰基的吸入暴露大大降低。
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