流行电子烟产品的尼古丁和羰基化合物排放：与液体成分和设计特点的关系。
Nicotine and Carbonyl Emissions From Popular Electronic Cigarette Products: Correlation to Liquid Composition and Design Characteristics.
机构信息
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2018 Jan 5;20(2):215-223. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw280.
INTRODUCTION
Available in hundreds of device designs and thousands of flavors, electronic cigarette (ECIG) may have differing toxicant emission characteristics. This study assesses nicotine and carbonyl yields in the most popular brands in the U.S. market. These products included disposable, prefilled cartridge, and tank-based ECIGs.
METHODS
Twenty-seven ECIG products of 10 brands were procured and their power outputs were measured. The e-liquids were characterized for pH, nicotine concentration, propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG) ratio, and water content. Aerosols were generated using a puffing machine and nicotine and carbonyls were, respectively, quantified using gas chromatograph and high-performance liquid chromatography. A multiregression model was used to interpret the data.
RESULTS
Nicotine yields varied from 0.27 to 2.91 mg/15 puffs, a range corresponding to the nicotine yield of less than 1 to more than 3 combustible cigarettes. Nicotine yield was highly correlated with ECIG type and brand, liquid nicotine concentration, and PG/VG ratio, and to a lower significance with electrical power, but not with pH and water content. Carbonyls, including the carcinogen formaldehyde, were detected in all ECIG aerosols, with total carbonyl concentrations ranging from 3.72 to 48.85 µg/15 puffs. Unlike nicotine, carbonyl concentrations were mainly correlated with power.
CONCLUSION
In 15 puffs, some ECIG devices emit nicotine quantities that exceed those of tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine emissions vary widely across products but carbonyl emissions showed little variations. In spite of that ECIG users are exposed to toxicologically significant levels of carbonyl compounds, especially formaldehyde. Regression analysis showed the importance of design and e-liquid characteristics as determinants of nicotine and carbonyl emissions.
IMPLICATIONS
Periodic surveying of characteristics of ECIG products available in the marketplace is valuable for understanding population-wide changes in ECIG use patterns over time.
简介
电子烟（ECIG）有数百种设备设计和数千种口味，可能具有不同的有毒物质排放特征。本研究评估了美国市场上最受欢迎品牌的尼古丁和羰基产物。这些产品包括一次性、预充墨盒和罐式 ECIG。
方法
采购了 10 个品牌的 27 种 ECIG 产品，并测量了它们的功率输出。对电子烟液的 pH 值、尼古丁浓度、丙二醇/蔬菜甘油（PG/VG）比例和水分含量进行了表征。使用吸气器生成气溶胶，分别使用气相色谱和高效液相色谱定量尼古丁和羰基。使用多元回归模型解释数据。
结果
尼古丁产量从 0.27 到 2.91 mg/15 口不等，相当于低于 1 支到超过 3 支可燃香烟的尼古丁产量范围。尼古丁产量与 ECIG 类型和品牌、液体尼古丁浓度和 PG/VG 比例高度相关，与电功率相关性较低，但与 pH 值和水分含量无关。所有 ECIG 气溶胶中都检测到羰基，包括致癌物质甲醛，总羰基浓度范围为 3.72 至 48.85 µg/15 口。与尼古丁不同，羰基浓度主要与功率相关。
结论
在 15 口吸中，一些 ECIG 设备排放的尼古丁量超过了烟草香烟。尼古丁排放量在产品之间差异很大，但羰基排放量变化不大。尽管如此，电子烟使用者仍会接触到具有毒理学意义的羰基化合物，尤其是甲醛。回归分析表明设计和电子烟液特性是尼古丁和羰基排放的决定因素。
意义
定期调查市场上 ECIG 产品的特点，对于了解随着时间的推移，ECIG 使用模式在人群中的变化是有价值的。
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