The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia.
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2019 Jan;96:72-92. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.012. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that resides, in a latent form, in the human central nervous system. Infection with Toxoplasma drastically alters the behaviour of rodents and is associated with the incidence of specific neuropsychiatric conditions in humans. But the question remains: how does this pervasive human pathogen alter behaviour of the mammalian host? This fundamental question is receiving increasing attention as it has far reaching public health implications for a parasite that is very common in human populations. Our current understanding centres on neuronal changes that are elicited directly by this intracellular parasite versus indirect changes that occur due to activation of the immune system within the CNS, or a combination of both. In this review, we explore the interactions between Toxoplasma and its host, the proposed mechanisms and consequences on neuronal function and mental health, and discuss Toxoplasma infection as a public health issue.
刚地弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生虫，以潜伏形式存在于人类中枢神经系统中。感染刚地弓形虫会极大地改变啮齿动物的行为，并与人类特定神经精神疾病的发病率有关。但问题仍然存在：这种普遍存在的人类病原体如何改变哺乳动物宿主的行为？这个基本问题越来越受到关注，因为对于一种在人类中非常常见的寄生虫来说，它对公共卫生有着深远的影响。我们目前的理解集中在这种细胞内寄生虫直接引起的神经元变化与由于中枢神经系统内免疫系统的激活而发生的间接变化，或两者的组合。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了刚地弓形虫与其宿主之间的相互作用、对神经元功能和心理健康的拟议机制和后果，并讨论了刚地弓形虫感染作为一个公共卫生问题。
