MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019 Jan;27:350-363. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2018.11.008. Epub 2018 Nov 16.
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly involves optic nerves and spinal cord. Since the introduction of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) as a separate entity, there have been many reports on its association with other disorders including systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Here, we reviewed other immune-mediated diseases associated with NMOSD and tried to categorize them.
The present review was conducted using the PUBMED database based on papers from 1976 (i.e., since the first NMO comorbidity with SLE was reported) to 2017. We included all articles published in English. The keywords utilized included Neuromyelitis optica, Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders, Devic's disease, in combination with comorbidity or comorbidities.
Diseases with immune-based pathogenesis are the most frequently reported co-morbidities associated with NMOSD, most of which are antibody-mediated diseases. According to literature, Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are the most frequently reported diseases associated with NMOSD among systemic autoimmune diseases. Further, myasthenia gravis in neurological and autoimmune thyroid diseases in non-neurological organ-specific autoimmune diseases are the most reported comorbidities associated with NMOSD in the literature.
NMOSD may be associated with a variety of different types of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, systemic or laboratory signs which are not typical for NMOSD should be properly investigated to exclude other associated comorbidities. These comorbidities may affect the treatment strategy and may improve the patients' care and management.
视神经脊髓炎（NMO）是一种中枢神经系统（CNS）的自身免疫性炎症性脱髓鞘疾病，主要累及视神经和脊髓。自从将视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病（NMOSD）作为一个独立实体引入以来，已有许多关于其与其他疾病的关联的报道，包括系统性和器官特异性自身免疫性疾病。在这里，我们回顾了与 NMOSD 相关的其他免疫介导的疾病，并试图对其进行分类。
本综述使用 PUBMED 数据库，根据 1976 年（即首次报道 NMO 与 SLE 合并）至 2017 年的文献进行。我们纳入了所有以英文发表的文章。使用的关键词包括视神经脊髓炎、视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病、Devic 病，与合并症或合并症相结合。
具有免疫发病机制的疾病是与 NMOSD 最常报告的合并症，其中大多数是抗体介导的疾病。根据文献，干燥综合征（SS）和系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是系统性自身免疫性疾病中与 NMOSD 最常报告的相关疾病。此外，神经肌肉疾病中的重症肌无力和非神经器官特异性自身免疫性疾病中的自身免疫性甲状腺疾病是文献中与 NMOSD 最常报告的合并症。
NMOSD 可能与多种不同类型的自身免疫性疾病有关。因此，对于不典型的 NMOSD 系统或实验室迹象，应进行适当的检查以排除其他相关的合并症。这些合并症可能会影响治疗策略，并可能改善患者的护理和管理。
