Wale Mengistu Zelalem, Abebe Yekoye, Adamu Yilikal, Zelalem Abebe
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Nov 26;18(1):306. doi: 10.1186/s12886-018-0970-4.
Although there are limited studies, recent data are lacking to accurately determine the magnitude of color blindness in Ethiopia and there is no evidence of such a study in Gish Abay town district. The purpose of thie study was to assess the prevalence of color blindness among school children in Gish Abaya town district, Ethiopia.
The study used a community-based analytical cross-sectional study design with multistage cluster random sampling technique from September to October 2016. Three primary schools were selected randomly in the district of Gish Abay town district. Ishihara color plates (24 -edition) was used for color vision test and Snellen' tumbling 'E' chart was used for visual acuity test. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 statistical software and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with color blindness.
Among a total of 854 subjects, 850 participants with age range of 8-18 years were screened for color vision test giving a response rate of 99.53%. Among the participants, 452 (53.2%) were males and 398 (46.8%) were females. There were 36 (4.24%) cases of impaired color vision. Among these, 27 (3.18%) were males and 9 (1.06%) were females. Out of 36 cases of color blindness, 15 (1.77%) were deutan, 7 (0.82%) were protan and 14(1.65%) were unclassified (both deutan and protan forms). The variables; sex adjusted odds ratio (AOR [95% Confidence Interval] =3.19 [1.45; 6.98], p-value = 0.004); and visual impairment (AOR [95% CI] =4.15 [1.77; 9.75], p-value = 0.001) were significantly associated with color impairment.
The prevalence of childhood color blindness in Gish Abay town district was relatively similar with other studies in Ethiopia. Sex and visual impairment are factors found to be related with the children's color blindness. Periodical eye examination at the time of school admission is recommended to adjust the children's occupation early in life.
尽管相关研究有限，但目前仍缺乏数据来准确确定埃塞俄比亚色盲的严重程度，而且在吉什阿巴伊镇地区也没有此类研究的证据。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚吉什阿巴伊镇地区学童的色盲患病率。
本研究采用基于社区的分析性横断面研究设计，于2016年9月至10月采用多阶段整群随机抽样技术。在吉什阿巴伊镇地区随机选择了三所小学。使用石原氏色盲测试图（第24版）进行色觉测试，使用斯内伦“E”字视力表进行视力测试。数据使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）20版统计软件进行分析，并使用二元逻辑回归来确定与色盲相关的因素。
在总共854名受试者中，对850名年龄在8至18岁之间的参与者进行了色觉测试，应答率为99.53%。在参与者中，452名（53.2%）为男性，398名（46.8%）为女性。有36例（4.24%）色觉受损。其中，27例（3.18%）为男性，9例（1.06%）为女性。在36例色盲病例中，15例（1.77%）为绿色盲，7例（0.82%）为红色盲，14例（1.65%）未分类（红色盲和绿色盲两种类型）。变量：性别调整后的优势比（AOR [95%置信区间]=3.19 [1.45；6.98]，p值=0.004）；以及视力损害（AOR [95%CI]=4.15 [1.77；9.75]，p值=0.001）与色觉损害显著相关。
吉什阿巴伊镇地区儿童色盲患病率与埃塞俄比亚的其他研究相对相似。性别和视力损害是与儿童色盲相关的因素。建议在入学时进行定期眼部检查，以便在儿童早期调整其职业选择。
