埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿拉达次城区小学学龄儿童视力损害患病率
The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
作者信息
Darge Haile Fentahun, Shibru Getahun, Mulugeta Abiy, Dagnachew Yinebeb Mezgebu
机构信息
Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Physiology, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
J Ophthalmol. 2017;2017:9326108. doi: 10.1155/2017/9326108. Epub 2017 Jun 19.
BACKGROUND
Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.
RESULTS
A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01-64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.
背景
在医疗服务不足的发展中国家，视力损害和失明是主要的公共卫生问题。
目的
确定学童视力损害的患病率。
材料与方法
2015年6月15日至2015年11月30日，在埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴阿雷达市小学开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究。随机选择两所学校，采用系统随机抽样方法从1至8年级筛选出378名学生。使用斯内伦视力表进行视力测试。视力≤6/12的学生由眼科医生进一步检查，以诊断视力低下的原因。使用SPSS 20版软件进行数据分析。
结果
共筛选出378名学生，其中女生192名（50.8%），男生186名（49.2%）。单眼视力损害（VA）≤6/12的患病率为5.8%，单眼VA < 6/18的患病率为1.1%，较好眼VA < 6/18的患病率为0.53%。在本研究中，色盲[比值比：19.65，95%可信区间（6.01 - 64.33）]与视力损害显著相关。
结论
研究区域内学童视力损害的患病率为5.8%，建议进行学校筛查。
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