Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
Int J Impot Res. 2019 Jul;31(4):245-255. doi: 10.1038/s41443-018-0097-4. Epub 2018 Nov 26.
Despite the controversy regarding penile augmentation (PA), glans penis augmentation (GPA) is used in penile reconstructive surgery in selected patients with small glans penis. Since 2003, injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) gel has been used for GPA. The attractiveness of HA gel fillers and interest in this technique have led to the use of other fillers for GPA, particularly irreversible fillers that improve the longevity of HA gels. Conversely, indirect glans augmentation via implantation of dermofat grafts or scaffolds between the corpus spongiosum and the distal tip of the corpus cavernosum is used to overcome poor longevity of the gel and glans surface undulation, which are the primary limitations of GPA using HA gel. Unfortunately, these implants form hard painful lumps over time in most patients and are difficult to remove. Blunt dissection is an invasive procedure that may cause vascular compromise and consequent glans necrosis in a few patients. We present our review regarding the current status of GPA for a more comprehensive understanding of this subject. Additionally, we have discussed a few complicated cases that were referred to us.
尽管阴茎增大术（PA）存在争议，但在某些小阴茎患者的阴茎重建手术中，确实会使用到阴茎头增大术（GPA）。自 2003 年以来，可注射透明质酸（HA）凝胶已被用于 GPA。HA 凝胶填充物的吸引力以及对该技术的兴趣促使其他填充物也被用于 GPA，特别是不可逆的填充物，可延长 HA 凝胶的寿命。相反，通过将真皮脂肪移植物或支架植入海绵体和阴茎海绵体远端之间来间接增大阴茎头，以克服使用 HA 凝胶进行 GPA 时存在的凝胶和阴茎头表面波动的寿命短的主要局限性。不幸的是，这些植入物会在大多数患者中随着时间的推移形成坚硬且疼痛的肿块，并且难以去除。钝性解剖是一种侵入性手术，可能会导致少数患者的血管受损和随后的阴茎头坏死。我们对 GPA 的现状进行了综述，以便更全面地了解这一主题。此外，我们还讨论了一些转介给我们的复杂病例。
