Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, Punjab, India.
TIFAC Centre of Relevance and Excellence (CORE) in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India.
Curr Drug Metab. 2019;20(6):483-505. doi: 10.2174/1389200220666181127104812.
The limitless presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in discharged wastewater has emerged as a threat to aquatic species and humans. Their presence in drinking water has although raised substantial concerns, very little is known about the fate and ecological impacts of these pollutants. As a result, these pollutants are inevitably introduced to our food chain at trace concentrations. Unfortunately, the conventional wastewater treatment techniques are unable to treat pharmaceuticals completely with practical limitations. The focus has now been shifted towards nanotechnology for the successful remediation of these persistent pollutants. Thus, the current review specifically focuses on providing readers brief yet sharp insights into applications of various nanomaterials for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants.
An exhaustive collection of bibliographic database was done with articles having high impact and citations in relevant research domains. An in-depth analysis of screened papers was done through standard tools. Studies were categorized according to the use of nanoscale materials as nano-adsorbents (graphene, carbon nanotubes), nanophotocatalysts (metal, metal oxide), nano-filtration, and ozonation for promising alternative technologies for the efficient removal of recalcitrant contaminants.
A total of 365 research articles were selected. The contemporary advancements in the field of nanomaterials for drinking and wastewater treatment have been thoroughly analyzed along with their future perspectives.
The recommendations provided in this article will be useful to adopt novel strategies for on-site removal of the emerging contaminants in pharmaceutical effluents and related industries.
排放废水中的药物污染物无限存在，对水生生物和人类构成了威胁。尽管它们在饮用水中的存在引起了极大的关注，但人们对这些污染物的归宿和生态影响知之甚少。因此，这些污染物不可避免地以痕量浓度进入我们的食物链。不幸的是，传统的废水处理技术由于实际限制，无法完全处理药物。现在的重点已经转移到纳米技术上，以成功修复这些持久性污染物。因此，本综述特别关注为读者提供简要而深刻的见解，了解各种纳米材料在去除药物污染物方面的应用。
通过在相关研究领域具有高影响力和高引用率的文章，对文献数据库进行了全面收集。通过标准工具对筛选出的论文进行了深入分析。研究根据纳米材料的用途进行了分类，包括纳米吸附剂（石墨烯、碳纳米管）、纳米光催化剂（金属、金属氧化物）、纳米过滤和臭氧氧化，这些都是去除难处理污染物的有前途的替代技术。
共选择了 365 篇研究文章。对纳米材料在饮用水和废水处理领域的最新进展进行了深入分析，并对其未来前景进行了分析。
本文提出的建议将有助于采用新策略，从制药废水中及相关工业中现场去除新兴污染物。
