Saravanan A, Kumar P Senthil, Hemavathy R V, Jeevanantham S, Jawahar Marie Jyotsna, Neshaanthini J P, Saravanan R
Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, 602105, Chennai, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, 603110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 1):135713. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135713. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
Freshwater has been incessantly polluted by various activities such as rapid industrialization, fast growth of population and agricultural activities. Water pollution is considered as one the major threatens to human health and aquatic bodies which causes various severe harmful diseases including gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, cancer, etc. The polluted wastewater could be treated by different conventional and advanced methodologies. Amongst them, adsorption is the most utilized low cost, efficient technique to treat and remove the harmful pollutants from the wastewater. The efficiency of adsorption mainly depends on the surface properties such as functional group availability and surface area of the adsorbents used. Since various waste-based carbon derivatives are utilized as adsorbents for harmful pollutants removal; nanomaterials are employed as effective adsorbents in recent times due to its excellent surface properties. This review presents an overview of the different types of nanomaterials such as nano-particles, nanotubes, nano-sheets, nano-rods, nano-spheres, quantum dots, etc. which have been synthesized by different chemical and green synthesis methodologies using plants, microorganisms, biomolecules and carbon derivatives, metals and metal oxides and polymers. By concentrating on potential research difficulties, this study offers a new viewpoint on fundamental field of nanotechnology for wastewater treatment applications. This review paper critically reviewed the synthesis of nanomaterials more importantly green synthesis and their applications in wastewater treatment to remove the harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.
快速工业化、人口快速增长以及农业活动等各类活动持续不断地污染着淡水。水污染被视为对人类健康和水体的主要威胁之一，它会引发各种严重的有害疾病，包括胃肠道疾病、哮喘、癌症等。受污染的废水可以通过不同的传统和先进方法进行处理。其中，吸附是最常用的低成本、高效技术，用于处理和去除废水中的有害污染物。吸附效率主要取决于所用吸附剂的表面性质，如官能团可用性和表面积。由于各种基于废物的碳衍生物被用作去除有害污染物的吸附剂；近年来，纳米材料因其优异的表面性质而被用作有效的吸附剂。本综述概述了不同类型的纳米材料，如纳米颗粒、纳米管、纳米片、纳米棒、纳米球、量子点等，这些纳米材料是通过使用植物、微生物、生物分子、碳衍生物、金属、金属氧化物和聚合物的不同化学和绿色合成方法合成的。通过关注潜在的研究困难，本研究为废水处理应用的纳米技术基础领域提供了新的视角。这篇综述论文批判性地回顾了纳米材料的合成，更重要的是绿色合成及其在废水处理中的应用，以去除重金属、染料、农药、多环芳烃等有害污染物。
