年龄、任务、任务内容和工作记忆对数量隐含意义加工的“某些”影响
'Some' Effects of Age, Task, Task Content and Working Memory on Scalar Implicature Processing.
作者信息
Janssens Leen, Fabry Iris, Schaeken Walter
机构信息
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, KU, Leuven (University of Leuven), Belgium.
出版信息
Psychol Belg. 2014 Sep 16;54(4):374-388. doi: 10.5334/pb.ax.
In three experiments, we investigated the effect of age, task, task content and working memory (WM) on scalar implicature processing. We found that three-year-olds still often interpret the scalar term 'some' logically (some being compatible with all), but five-year-olds and especially seven-year-olds are highly competent pragmatic reasoners. Additionally we found that not only the nature of the task but also the specific task content influences the number of pragmatic answers: an Action-Based-Task (ABT) leads to more pragmatic answers than a metalinguistic Truth-Value Judgment Task (TVJT) that, in turn, leads to more pragmatic answers than a different TVJT that includes more cognitive content. Finally, we found no effect of WM in both five-year-olds and seven-year-olds. Children with a high WM capacity did not provide significantly more pragmatic answers than children with a low WM capacity.
在三项实验中，我们研究了年龄、任务、任务内容和工作记忆（WM）对标量含义处理的影响。我们发现，三岁儿童仍然经常从逻辑上解释标量词“一些”（“一些”与“所有”兼容），但五岁儿童，尤其是七岁儿童是非常有能力的语用推理者。此外，我们发现不仅任务的性质，而且具体的任务内容都会影响语用答案的数量：基于动作的任务（ABT）比元语言真值判断任务（TVJT）能产生更多的语用答案，而元语言真值判断任务又比包含更多认知内容的不同TVJT能产生更多的语用答案。最后，我们发现工作记忆对五岁和七岁儿童均无影响。工作记忆容量高的儿童并没有比工作记忆容量低的儿童给出显著更多的语用答案。
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