Özbilgin Ahmet
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manisa Celal Bayar, Manisa, Turkey.
EJIFCC. 2018 Nov 7;29(3):171-174. eCollection 2018 Nov.
Economic instability, destabilisation with armed conflagration, religious and ethnic conflicts are the most important driving factors for migrations towards Europe. Mediterranean countries are important route for refugees who emigrate from the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases carried by these refugees constitute a significant health risk in Mediterranean countries. Parasitic diseases, such as intestinal parasites, pediculosis, scabies, lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis, malaria and leishmaniasis, which may reach the Mediterranean region trough migrations, were briefly reviewed and the precautions to be taken were mentioned. It is of utmost importance that laboratories in the Mediterranean countries pay particular attention to parasitic infections, especially by using experienced staff and appropriate diagnostic methods in combating such infections. The diagnosis and screening of all these infections among the refugees can be done by some basic parasitological laboratory methods such as direct methods for stool samples (direct wet smear, concentration methods, permanent stains, special stains), methods for blood samples (thick and thin blood films, blood concentration procedures), direct methods for urogenital specimens, serological methods, molecular methods and rapid diagnosis kits. These methods can be easily learned by laboratory employees. We suggest that migratory related infections study group should be established in Mediterranean countries, which should inform each other by sharing their findings and observations with officials in congresses and symposiums, and should cooperate on this issue and prepare training and workshop programs and health education programs in these countries should be updated about the health and risk factors of refugees.
经济不稳定、武装冲突引发的动荡、宗教和种族冲突是向欧洲移民的最重要驱动因素。地中海国家是从中东、非洲和亚洲移民的难民的重要通道。这些难民携带的病毒、细菌、寄生虫和真菌疾病在地中海国家构成了重大的健康风险。本文简要回顾了可能通过移民传播到地中海地区的寄生虫病，如肠道寄生虫病、虱病、疥疮、淋巴丝虫病、血吸虫病、疟疾和利什曼病，并提及了应采取的预防措施。地中海国家的实验室尤其要关注寄生虫感染，特别是在抗击此类感染时使用经验丰富的工作人员和适当的诊断方法，这至关重要。难民中所有这些感染的诊断和筛查可以通过一些基本的寄生虫学实验室方法来完成，如粪便样本的直接方法（直接湿涂片、浓缩方法、永久染色、特殊染色）、血液样本的方法（厚血膜和薄血膜、血液浓缩程序）、泌尿生殖系统标本的直接方法、血清学方法、分子方法和快速诊断试剂盒。实验室工作人员可以轻松学会这些方法。我们建议地中海国家应成立与移民相关感染研究小组，该小组应在大会和研讨会上与官员分享其发现和观察结果，相互通报情况，并应在这个问题上开展合作，制定培训和讲习班计划，这些国家的健康教育计划应根据难民的健康和风险因素进行更新。
