The role of neuropsychologists in concussion evaluation and management.

Sport-related concussions are complex injuries of the brain. Since concussions can only be diagnosed clinically and manifest in different ways among athletes, diagnosis and management often require a multidisciplinary team approach. Sports neuropsychologists contribute to the team through their ability to assess cognitive, behavioral, and social-emotional domains that may or may not be a direct effect of the injury. This chapter describes the new field of sports neuropsychology and articulates how neuropsychologists can contribute to assessment and management. The strengths and weaknesses of neuropsychological assessment are reviewed, including traditional paper-and-pencil testing and computer-administered tests, both as baseline and postinjury evaluations. Neuropsychologists can provide biopsychosocial evaluation and treatment services to athletes, including postinjury education and emotional reassurance, guiding symptom management and emotional support, and assisting with return-to-play and return-to-school processes. They also provide important insight for decisions regarding retirement, including articulating the relevant factors and supporting athletes in their decision process. Given the varying and behavioral responses that can accompany concussion, neuropsychologists can provide unique support to athletes to help them cope with their injury and its effects.