Trent University, Peterborough, Canada.
University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Jan;26(3):2699-2709. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3790-4. Epub 2018 Nov 27.
Ecological modernization theories suggest that it is hard to determine a priori the environmental effects of urbanization, while neoliberal doctrine advocates a positive role of globalization in developing economies especially in terms of reducing poverty and inequality. Yet, the environmental effect of globalization is not unanimous. This study employs second-generation panel regression techniques that account for heterogeneous slope coefficients and cross-sectional dependence to estimate the impacts that urbanization and globalization have on CO emissions for a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries for the period 1984-2016. Also, a causality test that considers both these issues is performed. The estimated coefficient of urbanization is positive, statistically significant, and highly consistent across different estimation techniques. The magnitude of the coefficient and level of significance are different in different econometric estimations. In most specifications, the estimated coefficient on the globalization variable is statistically insignificant. Urbanization is found to cause emissions. The environmental implications of these results are discussed with a set of policy recommendations for an environmentally better SSA region.
生态现代化理论表明，城市化对环境的影响很难先验确定，而新自由主义学说则主张全球化在发展中经济体，特别是在减少贫困和不平等方面发挥积极作用。然而，全球化的环境影响并非一致。本研究采用第二代面板回归技术，该技术考虑了异质斜率系数和横截面相关性，以估计城市化和全球化对 1984-2016 年期间 44 个撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA）国家面板的 CO 排放的影响。此外，还进行了考虑这两个问题的因果关系检验。城市化的估计系数为正，在不同的估计技术中具有统计学意义且高度一致。在不同的计量经济学估计中，系数的大小和显著性水平有所不同。在大多数规格中，全球化变量的估计系数在统计学上并不显著。研究结果表明，城市化会导致排放。这些结果的环境影响与一系列有利于环境的 SSA 区域的政策建议一起进行了讨论。
