Alves N, Deana N F, Ceballos F, Hernandez P, Gonzalez J
Research Centre of Applied Morphology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Centre of Excellence in Morphological and Surgical Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2019;78(1):137-144. doi: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0109. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
Analysis of the bones and bone fragments of the cranium may be a useful tool for sex diagnosis in the identification of human remains which have been exposed to adverse conditions. The object of the present study was to evaluate sex prediction through metric and non-metric analysis of the hard palate (HP) and the pyriform aperture (PA), using macerated skulls of adult individuals.
We analysed 312 dry skulls of adult individuals of both sexes, studying the metric and non-metric characteristics of the HP and PA. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were evaluated. A binary logistic regression and a linear regression were performed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to analyse the perfor- mance of sex diagnosis. Measurements of the HP and the PA were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test. The SPSS v. 20.0 software was used, with a significance threshold of 5%.
The shape of the PA presented 61.9% accuracy, 54.4% sensitivity and 65.7% specificity. The shape of the HP presented 51.5% accuracy, 65.6% sen- sitivity and 44.7% specificity. Only the height of the PA functioned as a good predictor of sex.
The height of the PA produced good diagnostic performance (area under curve = 0.764). The height of the PA was the most reliable indicator for sex prediction, and could be used by forensic scientists to identify sex.
对头盖骨的骨骼和骨碎片进行分析可能是一种有用的工具，可用于在鉴定遭受不利条件的人类遗骸时进行性别诊断。本研究的目的是通过对成年个体的浸软头骨进行硬腭（HP）和梨状孔（PA）的测量分析和非测量分析来评估性别预测。
我们分析了312例成年男女的干燥头骨，研究了HP和PA的测量和非测量特征。评估了准确性、敏感性、特异性以及阳性和阴性预测值。进行了二元逻辑回归和线性回归。构建了受试者工作特征曲线以分析性别诊断的性能。通过方差分析和Tukey检验分析HP和PA的测量值。使用SPSS v. 20.0软件，显著性阈值为5%。
PA的形状准确率为61.9%，敏感性为54.4%，特异性为65.7%。HP的形状准确率为51.5%，敏感性为65.6%，特异性为44.7%。只有PA的高度可作为良好的性别预测指标。
PA的高度具有良好的诊断性能（曲线下面积 = 0.764）。PA的高度是性别预测最可靠的指标，法医科学家可利用它来鉴定性别。
