Inserm U1171, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Lille University Medical Center, 59000 Lille, France.
Inserm U1171, Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders, Lille University, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders, Lille University Medical Center, 59000 Lille, France.
Neurophysiol Clin. 2018 Dec;48(6):361-375. doi: 10.1016/j.neucli.2018.10.003. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
Studies of dual-tasks (i.e. situations during which an individual performs two tasks simultaneously) and the subsequent inter-task interference have shown that locomotion and posture involves motor and cognitive components. Dual-tasks therefore constitute a promising avenue for improving the diagnosis, prevention and management of falls or cognitive impairment in populations at risk. However, tackling these major public health concerns with dual-task interventions requires a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying dual-task interference. In this context, we review (i) the main dual-task theories proposed to date and (ii) the factors that can influence dual-task interference effects in healthy young individuals and might therefore explain the current lack of consensus on the mechanisms of dual-tasks. We also consider cognitive-motor dual-tasks in which the motor task is a less frequently studied transition movement (such as gait initiation or turning), rather than only the often-studied gait and posture tasks. In general, the review focuses on the behavioral effects of dual-tasking.
双重任务（即个体同时执行两项任务的情况）及其随后的任务间干扰的研究表明，运动和姿势涉及运动和认知成分。因此，双重任务是改善有跌倒或认知障碍风险的人群的诊断、预防和管理的一个很有前途的途径。然而，要通过双重任务干预措施来解决这些主要的公共卫生问题，需要更好地理解双重任务干扰的机制。在这种情况下，我们回顾了（i）迄今为止提出的主要双重任务理论，以及（ii）可能影响健康年轻人双重任务干扰效应的因素，从而可以解释目前在双重任务机制上缺乏共识的原因。我们还考虑了认知运动双重任务，其中运动任务是较少研究的过渡运动（如步态启动或转弯），而不仅仅是经常研究的步态和姿势任务。总的来说，该综述侧重于双重任务的行为效应。
