Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.
Department of Pathology and Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California.
Mol Cancer Res. 2019 Feb;17(2):337-347. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0891. Epub 2018 Nov 28.
The tumor microenvironment is replete with factors secreted and internalized by surrounding cells. Exosomes are nano-sized, protein-embedded, membrane-bound vesicles that are released in greater quantities from cancer than normal cells and taken up by a variety of cell types. These vesicles contain proteins and genetic material from the cell of origin and in the case of tumor-derived exosomes, oncoproteins and oncogenes. With increasing understanding of the role exosomes play in basic biology, a more clear view of the potential exosomes are seen to have in cancer therapeutics emerges. However, certain essential aspects of exosome function, such as the uptake mechanisms, are still unknown. Various methods of cell-exosome interaction have been proposed, but this review focuses on the protein-protein interactions that facilitate receptor-mediated endocytosis, a broadly used mechanism by a variety of cells.
肿瘤微环境中充满了周围细胞分泌和内化的因子。外泌体是纳米大小的、富含蛋白质的、膜结合的囊泡，其在癌细胞中的释放量大于正常细胞，并且被多种细胞类型摄取。这些囊泡包含来源细胞的蛋白质和遗传物质，在肿瘤衍生的外泌体中，还包含致癌蛋白和致癌基因。随着对外泌体在基础生物学中作用的理解不断增加，人们对其在癌症治疗中的潜在作用有了更清晰的认识。然而，外泌体功能的某些基本方面，如摄取机制，仍然未知。已经提出了各种细胞-外泌体相互作用的方法，但本综述侧重于促进受体介导的内吞作用的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用，这是多种细胞广泛使用的一种机制。
