School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 28;15(12):2683. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122683.
Fine-particulate pollution is a major public health concern in China. Accurate assessment of the population exposed to PM requires high-resolution pollution and population information. This paper assesses China's potential population exposure to PM, maps its spatiotemporal variability, and simulates the effects of the recent air pollution control policy. We relate satellite-based Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals to ground-based PM observations. We employ block cokriging (BCK) to improve the spatial interpolation of PM distribution. We use the subdistrict level population data to estimate and map the potential population exposure to PM pollution in China at the subdistrict level, the smallest administrative unit with public demographic information. During 8 April 2013 and 7 April 2014, China's population-weighted annual average PM concentration was nearly 7 times the annual average level suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). About 1322 million people, or 98.6% of the total population, were exposed to PM at levels above WHO's daily guideline for longer than half a year. If China can achieve its Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution targets by 2017, the population exposed to PM above China's daily standard for longer than half a year will be reduced by 85%.
细颗粒物污染是中国主要的公共卫生关注点。准确评估暴露于 PM 的人群需要高分辨率的污染和人口信息。本文评估了中国潜在的 PM 暴露人口，绘制了其时空变化图，并模拟了最近空气污染控制政策的影响。我们将基于卫星的气溶胶光学厚度 (AOD) 反演与地面 PM 观测相关联。我们采用块状协克里金（BCK）来提高 PM 分布的空间插值。我们使用区县级人口数据来估算和绘制中国区县级潜在的 PM 污染暴露人口，这是具有公共人口统计信息的最小行政单位。在 2013 年 4 月 8 日至 2014 年 4 月 7 日期间，中国的人口加权年均 PM 浓度几乎是世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的年均水平的 7 倍。约有 1.322 亿人，即总人口的 98.6%，暴露于 PM 浓度超过 WHO 每日指导值半年以上。如果中国能够在 2017 年前实现其《大气污染防治行动计划》的目标，那么暴露于 PM 浓度超过中国半年以上每日标准的人口将减少 85%。
